赤峰市儿童家长预防接种知识、态度及行为相关因素分析

Influencing factors of vaccination knowledge,attitude and practice among children’s parents in Chifeng City

目的了解赤峰市儿童家长预防接种知识、行为及态度(knowledge,attitude and practice,KAP)情况,为制定相应的政策措施提供参考依据。方法2018年5—9月采用多阶段随机抽样方法,每个调查单位随机抽取10个接种单位,再在每个接种单位抽取40名调查对象进行面对面问卷调查并对数据进行分析。结果共收回1179份合格问卷,儿童家长认知平均得分为2.48±3.02,儿童家长态度的平均得分为2.62±1.44,儿童家长对预防接种态度相对消极。儿童家长行为的平均得分为2.24±0.69。多因素线性回归分析得出儿童家长学历、性别、收入及年龄是KAP得分的影响因素。随着儿童家长学历和收入的升高,KAP得分升高;随年龄的增加,KAP得分逐渐降低;母亲相较于父亲有较高的KAP得分。结论赤峰市儿童家长预防接种的知识掌握程度及态度不佳,提示要进一步开展更全面、多渠道的健康教育与宣传活动,特别是针对儿童父亲、低学历、低收入、高年龄组及非医务工作者人群,最终提高各层次家长对于预防接种工作的主动参与性。

Objective To understand the status of knowledge,attitude and practice (KAP) about vaccination among children's parents in Chifeng City,provide reference for formulating corresponding policy measures.Methods Through multi-stage random sampling,10 vaccination institutes were randomLy selected from each survey institute and 40 persons in each vaccination institute was selected from May-September 2018.A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted and the data were analyzed.Results A total of 1 179 eligible questionnaires were recovered,the mean score of knowledge was 2.48±3.02 and mean score of attitude was 2.62 ±1.44,indicating parents' negative attitudes towards vaccination.The mean score of behavior was 2.24 ±0.69. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that parents' educational background,gender,income and age were the influencing factors of KAP scores.With the increase of parents' educational background and income,KAP scores increased.With the increase of age,the score of KAP decreased gradually.Mothers had higher KAP scores than fathers.Conclusion The poor knowledge and attitude of children' parents in Chifeng City suggest that we should further carry out more comprehensive and multi-channel health education and publicity activities,especially for children's fathers,low educational background,low income,senior age groups and non-medical workers,and ultimately improve active participation of parents at all levels in vaccination work.