2012—2018年乌鲁木齐市伤寒和副伤寒流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of typhoid and paratyphoid in Urumqi City from 2012-2018

目的分析2012—2018年乌鲁木齐市伤寒和副伤寒流行特征,为制定防控措施提供参考依据。方法通过疾病监测管理系统收集2012—2018年乌鲁木齐市伤寒和副伤寒发病资料,利用描述流行病学方法分析三间分布特征。结果2012—2018年乌鲁木齐市共报告伤寒和副伤寒病例156例,年平均报告发病率为0.63/10万;夏秋季多发,7—10月为高发季节;女性发病率高于男性,差异无统计学意义(χ^2=0.949,P>0.05);发病以散居儿童、学生和离休人员为主,占总人数的62.17%;中心城区发病率高于周边城区,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=8.753,P<0.05)。2012—2018年共报告1起伤寒和副伤寒暴发疫情。结论2012—2018年乌鲁木齐市伤寒和副伤寒发病以散发病例为主,但偶有暴发疫情发生;应采取综合防控措施减少其发病率,避免暴发疫情的发生。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of typhoid and paratyphoid in Urumqi City from 2012-2018, provide reference for the formulation of preventive and control measures.Methods The epidemic data of typhoid and paratyphoid in Urumqi from 2012-2018 were collected from disease surveillance information reporting system,and the descriptive epidemiological approaches were used to analyze the spatial,temporal and population distribution.Results From 2012-2018, totally 156 cases of typhoid and paratyphoid were reported in Urumqi,with the average annual incidence rate of 0.63/lakh.Most of cases were reported in summer and autumn,and the peak seasons appeared July to October.The incidence rate of females was higher than that of males,and the difference was not statistically significant(χ^2=0.949,P>0.05).The patients were mainly scattered children,student and retirees,accounting for 62.17% of total cases.The incidence rate of central urban areas was higher than that of surrounding urban areas,and the difference was statistically significant (χ^2 =8.753,P <0.05).One outbreak of typhoid and paratyphoid was reported from 2012-2018.Conclusion The typhoid and paratyphoid cases are mainly sporadic distribution in Urumqi from 2012-2018,but there are outbreaks occasionally.It is necessary to take comprehensive prevention and control measures to reduce the incidence rate and avoid outbreak.