1991—2015年中国九省(自治区)老年居民膳食能量及宏量营养素摄入状况

Intakes of energy and macronutrient among the elderly in nine provinces( autonomous region),China during 1991-2015

目的分析中国九省(自治区) 60岁及以上老年人能量及宏量营养素摄入的变化趋势。方法利用"中国健康与营养调查"1991-2015年九轮随访调查中的膳食数据,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取60岁及以上的老年人作为研究对象。采用连续3天24小时膳食回顾法和家庭称重记账法(食用油和调味品)收集膳食资料,借助食物成分表将食物消费量转换成能量及各类营养素摄入量。结果2015年中国九省(自治区)老年人能量摄入量为1706. 8 kcal/d,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的平均摄入量分别为52. 2、61. 4和219. 3 g/d,其供能比分别为12. 3%、33. 3%和53. 0%。与1991年相比,能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物摄入量分别下降了352. 3 kcal/d、11. 5 g/d和89. 8 g/d。脂肪供能比上升了9. 0%,碳水化合物的供能比下降了8. 7%,蛋白质供能比无明显变化趋势。2015年,老年人蛋白质、碳水化合物摄入量均存在城乡差异,高收入老年人的蛋白质和脂肪摄入量较高,碳水化合物摄入量则较低。谷类食物、其他食物、食用油分别为能量、蛋白质、脂肪的主要来源。结论中国九省(自治区)老年人需要适当增加能量摄入,降低脂肪摄入。通过食物替代的方法,指导农村及低收入的老年人选择更加经济和可及性更好的食物,满足自身营养需求,并应关注城市和高收入老年人动物性食物摄入过多可能导致的血脂变化。

OBJECTIVE To analysis the status and trend of energy and macronutrient intake among elderly aged 60 and older years old in nine provinces( autonomous region) of China. METHODS The data of China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1991 to 2015 were used,which elderly ≥60 years old were selected as the subjects. The 3-consecutive day 24-hour dietary recall was used to collect information on food intake,the condiment intake was collected by weighting and bookkeeping method.Food consumption was converted into energy and various nutrient intakes by food composition table. RESULTS The intakes of energy was 1706. 8 kcal/d,protein,fat and carbohydrates was 52. 2 g/d,61. 4 g/d and 219. 3 g/d respectively in 2015. The percentage of energy from protein,fat and carbohydrates was 12. 3%,33. 3% and 53. 0%respectively. Compared with 1991,the intake of energy,protein,carbohydrate decreased352. 3 kcal/d,11. 5 g/d and 89. 8 g/d respectively. The percentage of energy from fat increased 9. 0 percentage points,carbohydrates decreased 8. 7 percentage points and protein was not changing. In 2015,the intakes of protein and carbohydrates had urbanrural differences. The elderly at the high income level had high intakes of protein and fat,the carbohydrates intake at low level. The main source of energy,protein and fat is grain,other food and edible oil respectively. CONCLUSION The elderly of Chinese nine provinces( autonomous region) need to increase energy consumption,reduce the fat intake.We should guide rural and low-income elderly people to choose more economical and accessible food to meet their nutritional needs through food substitution. Focus on changes in blood lipids that may result from excessive intake of animal food in urban and high-income elderly people.