COBRA工具软件在空气污染健康风险及综合收益评估中的应用

Application of COBRA tool in health risk and comprehensive benefits assessment

目的探讨美国健康风险综合收益评估工具(COBRA)在空气污染健康风险评估中的应用,为我国开发相关工具提供借鉴。方法从软件概况、适用范围和应用文献、数据要求和软件操作、计算原理、模型构建等方面对软件进行介绍,并提出对我国的借鉴意义。结果通过在软件中输入污染物的种类和变化量,可快速得到健康和经济学收益结果。结论 COBRA工具可用于快速评价、比较污染物变化的健康影响和经济学效益,对我国开发相关工具,快速评估我国不同城市、地域或全国范围的污染防控方案的健康效益,筛选成本更低、效益更大的政策措施等方面具有重要的参考价值。

OBJECTIVE To introduce the application of COBRA in health risk assessment of air pollution,and provide reference for the development of similar tools in China. METHODS The software overview, scope of application and application literature, data requirements and software operation, calculation principles, model construction was introduced, and put forward the reference significance to China.RESULTS Health and economic benefits can be quickly obtained by entering the type and value of change in pollutant concentration into the software. CONCLUSION COBRA can be used to quickly evaluate the health effects and economic benefits of pollutant changes,and provide reference for the development of relevant tools in China,applied in many ways,such as rapid assessment of health benefits of pollution prevention and control programs in different cities,regions or nationwide,and screening the policies and measures with lower costs and greater benefits.