反馈对知觉类别学习影响:研究现状与展望

The Effect of Feedback on Perceptual Category Learning:Current Status and Prospects of Researches

类别学习是人类认识世界的一种基本认知活动,反馈是人类进行知觉类别学习不可或缺的重要部分。知觉类别学习的多系统理论为深入研究反馈影响知觉类别学习的认知神经机制提供了很好的理论框架。但是关于类别学习中的反馈问题还存在诸多不一致的结论。通过梳理相关文献,研究认为诸多结果不一致是由于不同性质的反馈作用于特定加工阶段引起的。反馈影响家族相似性类别学习的认知加工机制至少存在类别表征与类别标准形成两个不同的加工阶段,类别表征主要是对类别刺激的知觉,需要运用视觉加工形成刺激表征,而进一步发现规则或建立联结,则为类别标准形成阶段。基于这一构想,探讨反馈内容性与反馈时间性如何影响类别学习的认知加工机制将成为今后的研究主题。

Category learning is a basic cognitive activity of human beings to understand the world,and feedback is an indispensable part of perceptual category learning.The multi-system theory of perceptual category learning provides a good theoretical framework for deeply investigating cognitive neural mechanisms that feedback affects perceptual category learning.However,quantities of previous researchers focus on the effect of feedback on category learning but came to inconsistent conclusions.This paper believes that the divergence of conclusions is due to the feedback of different properties acting on specific processing phases.The cognitive processing mechanism that feedback affects family resemblance category learning includes at least two different processing phases:category representation and category criteria formation.Category representation is mainly the perception of category stimuli,which needs visual processing to form the representation of the stimuli.Category criteria formation is further finding out category rule or establishing the connection.Based on this hypothesis,this paper provides some suggestions about the future research topics to outline possible research paths for category learning researchers.