当代汉语[N+N]式词法词的词义识解程序及机制研究

Research on procedure and mechanism of semantic construal for [N+N] morphological words in Contemporary Chinese

文章在语料统计的基础上分析了当代汉语[N+N]式词法词的词义识解程序及机制。研究发现,对[N+N]式词法词的词义识解通常涉及提取词法模式、检索原型词(或对比词)、同化目标词、调整词法模式、启用构词成分义、启用百科知识、启用语境信息等程序。在识解关系型[N+N]式词法词时,N1将通过提取谓词的方式充盈语义,由指称性成分转指陈述性成分。谓词提取在认知上表现为指称转喻与情境转喻相糅合的转喻操作,在保持N1范畴属性不变的同时激活行为活动。识解属性型[N+N]式词法词时,解词者需通过语境信息激活N1语义中的描述性语义特征,将其转指为一种属性或主观评价,进而修饰N2。

Based on an corpus statistical analysis,this paper expatiates on the procedure and mechanism of semantic construal for [N+N]morphological words in Contemporary Chinese.This study finds that the semantic construal of[N+N]morphological words involves the following procedures:extracting the morphological pattern,searching for the prototypical word(or the contrastive word),assimilating the target word,adjusting the morphological pattern,using the compositional meaning,employing the encyclopedic knowledge,and using the contextual information.To construe relational[N+N]morphological words,one should enrich the semantic meaning of N1 through extracting predication,which changes the nature of N1 from a referential component into a declarative component.Predicate extraction is a cognitive metonymic operation that combines referential metonymy with situational metonymy,which activates activities while keeping the category of N1 unchanged.To construe attributive[N+N]morphological words,one should activate the descriptive semantic features of N1 semantics through the contextual information,turn it into an attribute or subjective evaluation,and then use N1 to modify N2.