认知和类型视角下汉语复合形容词的强势词法模式分析

Analysis on the primary word-formation patterns of Chinese compound adjectives from the perspectives of cognition and typology

文章从认知和类型视角出发,分析汉语复合形容词强势词法模式(主要是AA式和VN、NA式)的概念化和词汇表征特点。对AA式而言,跨属性具体AA比同属性具体AA更容易发生概念隐喻;看似对称的属性特征在概念整合和隐喻时往往是不对称的;具体属性A与抽象属性A发生概念整合和隐喻的活跃程度有差异;对VN、NA式而言,特点是涉身范围广泛、转喻发达。跨语言来看,AA式是复合形容词的共性特征,涉身类复合形容词具有语言特异性。汉语中,各种属性特征之间的概念整合、隐喻、转喻极为发达,并且被直接编码进词汇语义中,这是汉语复合形容词如此丰富的概念基础。

From the perspectives of cognition and typology,this paper analyzes the conceptualization and lexical representation features of the primary word-formation patterns of the Chinese compound adjectives(mainly AA and VN,NA).For AA compounds,cross-attribute AA is more prone to conceptual metaphor than the same attribute AA;the seemingly symmetric attribute features are often asymmetric in conceptual blending and metaphor;the active degree of the composition of concrete attribute A and abstract attribute A is different;for VN and NA compound adjectives,the embodiment metonymy is very rich.Cross-linguistic comparison reveals that AA type is a universal characteristic of compound adjectives,and the‘body involved’compound adjective is language specific.In Chinese,the conceptual blending,metaphor and metonymy among various attribute features are extremely developed,and are directly encoded into lexical semantics,which is the conceptual basis for why the Chinese compound adjectives are so rich.