产业帮扶对农户脱贫及减贫效果稳定性的影响——来自贵州毕节烟草种植计划调减的经验证据

The Effect of Industry Support on Households’ Poverty Alleviation and Stability: An Empirical Evidence from the Reduction of Tobacco Planting Plan in Bijie, Guizhou

文章使用2016-2017年贵州省毕节市286个烟农调研数据,以烟草种植计划调减为例,分析区域产业帮扶对不同贫困类型烟农脱贫及减贫效果稳定性的影响。结果表明:烟农的烟叶种植面积增加能够显著降低烟农贫困发生,烟叶种植面积每增加1亩,烟农陷入收入贫困的风险将减少23.7%,烟叶资源更多地被非贫困烟农俘获,暂时性贫困烟农和持久性贫困烟农种植面积相对较少;烟叶种植面积减少会显著降低选择性贫困和持久性贫困烟农的户均纯收入,尤其是持久性贫困烟农,可能带来的致贫、返贫问题。因此,需要有效甄别不同贫困类型烟农,有选择、有预期地逐步执行缩减计划,并继续挖掘烟叶基础设施的增收能力和拓展产业帮扶措施,松绑贫困户对烟叶种植的依赖。研究表明,我国在落实精准扶贫和产业帮扶措施时,需因人施策和多措并举,规避产业帮扶措施调整对农户脱贫效果的不利影响。

This paper uses the survey data of 286 tobacco growers in Bijie City,Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2017,taking the reduction of tobacco planting plan as an example to analyze the impact of regional industrial assistance on poverty alleviation and stability of different poverty-type tobacco growers.The results show that the increase of tobacco planting area of tobacco growers can significantly reduce the poverty of tobacco growers.For every 1 mu increase in tobacco planting area,the risk of tobacco growers falling into income poverty will be reduced by 23.7%.Tobacco leaf resources are more captured by non-poor tobacco growers,while temporary poverty tobacco growers and persistent poverty-stricken tobacco growers have relatively small planting areas.The reduction of tobacco planting area will significantly reduce the per capita net income of selective poverty and persistent poverty-stricken tobacco growers,especially persistent poverty-stricken tobacco growers,which means that the reduction of tobacco planting area may lead to poverty and return to poverty.Therefore,in the process of reducing the tobacco planting plan,it is necessary to effectively identify different types of poor tobacco growers,selectively and prospectively implement the reduction plan,and continue to tap the capacity of tobacco leaf infrastructure to increase income and expand industrial support measures,so as to loosen the dependence of poor households on tobacco planting.The above empirical evidence shows that when implementing precise poverty alleviation and industrial assistance measures,we need to formulate different policies for different people and think out counter-measures in many ways to avoid the adverse effects of the adjustment of industrial assistance measures.