炭素企业工人多环芳烃职业暴露特征分析

Study on occupational exposure characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in workers of Carbon Enterprises

目的分析某炭素企业工作场所空气中多环芳烃(PAHs)各组分的检测数据,探讨炭素企业工作场所及各工种的PAHs职业接触特征,为炭素业PAHs防护提供科学依据.方法于2017年7月,选取山东省某炭素企业及其在岗工作为研究对象.采用现场职业卫生学调查法及高效液相色谱法调查及检测该企业各车间及各工种PAHs存在情况及浓度,用致癌等效浓度(Toxic equivalent quantity, TEQ)评价PAHs致癌水平.结果炭素企业工作场所空气中含量较高的PAHs组分为荧蒽、芘、苯并蒽、屈、苯并[a]芘,平均浓度分别为1 485.66、864.66、805.35、500.08、120.88 ng/m^3. 3个车间空气中PAHs各组分浓度及总致癌等效浓度(总TEQ)中,苯并[a]芘、苯并蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、屈、荧蒽、芘、芴、茚并芘、蒽及总TEQ有差异,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),成型车间PAHs的总TEQ明显高于其他车间,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).各工种接触芘、荧蒽及总TEQ有差异,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).振动台操作工、动筛操作工、配料操作工、布料工、热油炉工PAHs接触水平较高.苯并[a]芘、苯并蒽接触浓度与总TEQ呈高度相关.结论炭素企业工作环境中PAHs浓度普遍较高,苯并[a]芘、荧蒽为需要重点防护的PAHs组分,成型车间为PAHs危害最严重的车间,振动台操作工等工种为PAHs重点防护工种.炭素行业中PAHs的职业危害不容忽视,应针对其接触特征制定相应的防护措施.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the workplace and for various types of work in a carbon enterprise based on the measurement data of various components of PAHs in the air from the workplace of the carbon enterprise, and to provide a scientific basis for protection against PAHs in this enterprise. Methods In July 2017, a carbon enterprise in Shandong Province and its on-duty workers were chosen as subjects. On-site occupational hygiene investigation and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to investigate and determine the presence and concentrations of PAHs in various workshops and various types of work in the enterprise, and toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) was used to evaluate the carcinogenic level of PAHs. Results The components of PAHs with relatively high content in the air of the workplace in the carbon enterprise were fluoranthene, pyrene, benzanthracene, X, and benzo[a]pyrene, with mean concentrations of 1 485.66, 864.66, 805.35, 500.08, and 120.88 ng/m3, respectively. There were significant differences between the three workshops in the concentrations of PAHs components (benzo[a]pyrene, benzanthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, X, fluoranthene, pyrene, fluorene, indenopyrene, and anthracene) and total TEQ (P<0.05). The total TEQ of PAHs in the molding workshop was significantly higher than that in other workshops (P<0.05). There were significant differences between different types of work in the exposure to pyrene and fluoranthene and TEQ (P<0.05). Shaking-table operators, moving-sieve operators, batching operators, fabric workers, and hot-oil stove workers had higher exposure levels of PAHs. The exposure concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene and benzanthracene were highly correlated with total TEQ. Conclusion The concentration of PAHs in the working environment of the carbon enterprise is generally higher;benzo[a]pyrene and fluoranthene are the PAHs components against which special protective measures need to be taken;molding workshops are the workshops that are most seriously endangered by PAHs;shaking-table operators are the type of workers needing special protection against PAHs. The occupational hazards of PAHs in the carbon industry cannot be ignored, against which corresponding protective measures should be formulated based on their exposure characteristics.