民办教育分类管理政策执行的制约因素与破解路径——基于史密斯政策执行过程模型的分析

The Constraints and Cracking Paths of Private School Classified Management Policy Execution: Based on the Analysis of Smith’s Policy Implementation Process Model

目前,我国民办教育分类管理政策的顶层设计基本完成。政策过程不仅指政策制定,同时还指政策执行、政策评估等。在问卷调查、深入访谈中发现,当前很多民办教育相关者无法对民办教育机构的营利性或非营利性的办学性质作出明确选择。将分类管理政策目标转化为政策效果,离不开政策的有效执行。采用成熟的、修正后的史密斯政策执行过程模型进行分析、研究发现,当前分类管理政策体系尚未完善等不足是制约民办教育发展的因素。为了减少"政策梗阻"和"政策失真"的现象,可采取制定精细化的政策措施、提高政策执行能力等手段予以解决,这不仅可以实现民办学校分类管理政策的目标,同时也为其他教育政策的执行提供了借鉴。

The top-level design of our national education classification management policy is basically completed, but the meaning of the policy process refers not only to policy formulation, but also to policy implementation. By conducting questionnaires and in-depth interviews, the survey of private education stakeholders found that lots of respondents are currently unable to give a clear attitude on whether to choose for profit or non-profit. The transformation of the classification management policy objectives into policy effects is inseparable from the effective implementation of the policies. Using the mature and revised Smith policy implementation process model, it is found that the classification management policy system has not been perfected and other factors that restrict the development of private education. In order to reduce the "policy obstruction" and "policy distortion" phenomenon, it can be resolved by formulating refined policy measures and improving policy implementation capabilities. Not only can the goal of the classified management policy of private schools be achieved, but also the implementation of other education policies.