中国典型边境城市空间扩张特征分析

Analysis of spatial expansion characteristics of typical Chinese border cities

针对边境城市扩张问题不可忽略但现有研究关注较少的问题从中国东北、正北、正西、西南边境甄选丹东、二连浩特、喀什、瑞丽4个典型的边境城市为研究对象,通过遥感与地理信息系统空间分析方法对4个城市1990、2000、2010、2017年建设用地进行信息提取,并采用景观指数分析4个边境城市空间演变特征。分析表明:近30年来二连浩特与瑞丽城市扩展速度超过全国平均水平,丹东和喀什相对滞后;景观指数分析反映丹东市、二连浩特城市因粗犷式开发导致城市发展破碎化;中国沿边开放政策、"一带一路"、西部大开发等战略的实施对边境城市的扩张方向具有明显地理指示性作用,丹东、二连浩特、瑞丽趋邻扩张也反映了中国与周边国家政治关系与文化交流的和谐稳定局面。

The problem of border city expansion cannot be ignored,but the existing studies pay less attention to it.For this problem,the paper select the four typical border cities which is Dandong in northeast of China,Erenhot in north of China,Kashgar in west of China and Ruili in southwest of China as object of study.Combining remote sensing and geographical information system spatial analysis method to extract the urban construction land area of four cities in 1990、2000、2010、2017,and analyze the spatial expansion characteristics of four border cities by landscape index.The analysis shows:the expansion rate of Erenhot and Ruili over the national average level,Dandong and Kashgar are relatively backward for nearly thirty years.The analysis of landscape index showed that regional shape of Dandong and Erenhot became fragmentized because of rough reclamation.The implementation of the strategies such as China’s opening-up policy,"one belt one road"strategy,west development and so on has the obvious geographical indication in direction of border cities expansion.Dandong、Erenhot、Ruili extend to its neighbours,it also reflects the harmonious and smooth situation in the political relations and cultural exchange between China and neighboring countries.