桑园测土配方优化施肥试验研究

Study on optimized fertilization of soil testing formula in mulberry garden

针对湖北省桑园立地条件差,肥料使用不科学,造成土壤营养元素缺乏和不平衡等问题,开展测土配方优化施肥试验示范.通过对郧西县六郎乡罗坡垭村桑园土壤肥力的分析发现,土壤养分含量中等,表现为极缺碱解氮,进而制订了不施肥、习惯施肥(全年尿素750kg/hm^2)和增量施肥(全年尿素1500kg/hm^2)3个施肥处理方案.结果表明,增量施肥明显提高了桑树(Morus alba L.)的抽枝能力,促进了桑树枝条的伸长生长,单株产叶量、公顷产叶量及桑叶品质明显提高,桑树的抗旱能力得到改善.得出了气候条件(降雨量)是影响桑树养分吸收量及桑园养分利用率的重要因子结论.

In view of the poor soil conditions of mulberry (Morus alba L.) gardens in Hubei province and the lack of nutrient elements and imbalances caused by unreasonable use of fertilizers,the soil testing formula optimization fertilization technology system was carried out.Through the soil fertility analysis of the local mulberry garden in Luopoya village,Liulang township,Yunxi county,it was found that the soil nutrient content was moderate,showing a lack of available nitrogen.The three fertilization treatments were formulated as no fertilization,custom fertilization (750 kg/hm^2 of urea for the whole year) and incremental fertilization (1 500 kg/hm^2 of urea for the whole year).The results showed that incremental fertilization significantly improved the mulberry branching ability and promoted the elongation of mulberry branches.The leaf yield per plant,the yield of mulberry leaves per hectare and the quality of mulberry leaves were significantly increased,and the drought resistance of mulberry trees was improved.Moreover,the climatic conditions,such as rainfall,are important factors affecting the nutrient uptake of mulberry trees and the nutrient utilization rate of mulberry trees.