长三角城市群绿色创新效率格局分异及空间关联特征

Differentiation of Green Innovation Efficiency Patterns and Spatial Association in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration

绿色创新是培育城市发展新动能的关键,分析比较长三角城市群26个地级及以上城市的绿色创新效率及其空间关联特征对于促进长三角更高质量一体化发展至关重要。鉴于传统DEA模型没有考虑要素"松弛"和无法合理解决非期望产出存在条件下的效率评价问题,因而可运用Super-SBM和GML指数构建城市尺度绿色创新效率测度模型,来刻画长三角城市群绿色创新效率的空间分异及空间关联效应。据此分析的结果表明:(1)长三角城市群绿色创新效率整体呈上升趋势,驱动力主要来自技术效率,而技术进步滞后于技术效率。(2)各城市绿色创新效率的差异趋于缩小,长三角城市群绿色创新效率正在趋向协同化。(3)长三角城市群26个城市绿色创新效率与经济发展水平间的组合,呈现出高-高、高-低、低-高、低-低4种类型,各自的发展重点在于提升绿色创新技术、提高各类资本利用效率、节约能耗及提高转换效率、提高科技研发效率及加快产业结构调整。

Green innovation is the key to cultivating new drivers of urban development. This paper is devoted to analyzing and comparing the green innovation efficiency and spatial association characteristics of 26 cities at or above the prefectural level in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration( YRDUA). It is of vital importance to promote higher quality integrated development of the YRDUA. Considering that the traditional DEA model does not consider "relaxation"of factors and cannot reasonably solve the efficiency evaluation problem under the condition of non-expected output,this paper uses Super-SBM and GML index as new models to measure the green innovation efficiency at urban scale,and depicts the spatial characteristics of the YRDUA. The result shows that:( 1) The green innovation efficiency of 26 cities in the YRDUA is on the rise as a whole,and the driving forces are mainly from technical efficiency,while technological progress lags behind technological efficiency.( 2) From the perspective of spatial correlation,the difference of green innovation efficiency between 26 cities tends to narrow in the YRDUA,and the green innovation efficiency of the YRDUA tends to be integration.( 3) There exist four types of combinations between the efficiency of urban green innovation and the level of economic development in the YRDUA,i.e.,high-high,high-low,low-high and low-low. Finally,some policy suggestions are put forward. High-high cities should further improve green innovative technologies and gradually abandon or upgrade industries with high pollution and high input;then low-high cities are more suitable for capital-intensive development;high-low cities should realize the coordinated development of green economy by improving the conversion efficiency;low-low cities should pay attention to the problems of industrial structure and speed up the improvement of the efficiency of scientific and technological research and development.