20世纪城市之“否思”及其启示

Urban “Unthinking” in the 20thCentury and Its Implications

20世纪城市思想的发展在整体上呈现出沃勒斯坦所称的"否思"特征,即不断地对既有基本假设提出质疑并通过辩论打开新的视角。这种"否思"呈现三个不同的阶段:20世纪初霍华德、格迪斯等人对工业城市的批评并推动了城市规划的发展;20世纪60-70年代雅各布斯和列斐伏尔等人对既有规划科学或正统理论质疑推动了颠覆性城市政治学视角的形成;20世纪70年代之后,受1968年的5月革命影响的激进主义思潮对现代城市、地理和空间观念解构,促成了反本质主义的、异质的和多元的城市话语的蔓延。以别样生活方式为目标的城市否思,既阐明了规划是创造人性化城市之道,又强调这一目标乃是不能仅凭规划就能实现的复杂有序性,揭示了城市世界乃是一道吸引着创造性实践的地平线。

Urban philosophy in the 20 thcentury is generally characterized by "unthinking",by which Immanel Wallerstein means opening new perspectives by questioning the given premises and by debating. There are three phases for urban unthinking: the critique of industrial cities made by E. Howard,P. Geddes et al.,which promoted the development of urban planning in the early 20 thcentury;the challenges to the existing planning science and orthodox theories proposed by J.Jacobs,H.Lefebvre et al.,which promoted the forming of subversive perspective of urban politics during 1960 s-70 s;the deconstruction of popular ideas on modern cities,geography and space by radicalism under the influence of the revolution in May,1968,which resulted in the spread of anti-essentialist,heterogeneous and pluralist urban discourses after 1970 s. Urban unthinking that regards alternative lifestyles as its aim elaborates that planning is the way to build humane cities.However,it also emphasizes that the intricate order of its aim cannot be built merely by planning. It reveals that urban world is a horizon to attract creative practice for good life.