文化地图在城市街区集体记忆建构中的作用初探——基于“记忆江宁”活动的调研

On the Role of a Cultural Map in the Construction of Collective Memory in an Urban Block: Based on the Survey of the Activity of “Jiangning in Memory”

"记忆江宁"是在城市空间快速变化的背景下,由上海市静安区江宁路街道办为留住城市街区集体记忆而组织的一次活动。通过综合运用非参与式观察、入户访谈、关键人物深度访谈和文本分析等多种质性研究方法,可以探讨"记忆江宁"活动中编制的文化地图是否可以成为承载地方集体记忆的有效载体,并结合文化地图的编制过程分析主体参与机制及其对地方集体记忆建构的影响。研究发现:在"记忆江宁"活动中完成的文化地图可以成为建构城市街区集体记忆的有效载体;地图编制过程中的居民参与对地方集体记忆的建构具有积极影响;在文化地图的要素选取和编制过程中也存在主体间的权力不平等现象,表明文化地图所承载的城市街区集体记忆仍然是一个社会建构的过程和结果。由此可见,"记忆江宁"活动对城市空间地方营造和地方集体记忆的建构极具启示意义。

The activity of"Jiangning in Memory"conducted by Jiangning Road Sub-district Office,Jing’an District,Shanghai is a response to the rapid change of an urban block by retaining local collective memory.By applying multiple qualitative research methods such as non-participatory observation,household interview,depth interview of key figures and text analysis,this paper explores whether a cultural map could be an effective carrier of local collective memory,and analyzes the mechanism of subject participation and its influence on the construction of local collective memory through the compilation process of a cultural map. It is found that the cultural map in the activity of "Jiangning in Memory " can be an effective carrier for the construction of local collective memory,within which the residents’ participation is an important condition.There exists unequal power relationship among different subjects in the compilation of a cultural map and its elements selection,which shows that the local collective memory carried by a cultural map is also a result of social construction. Finally,this paper discusses the significance of the activity of "Jiangning in Memory"for urban space making and the construction of local collective memory.