仔猪出生后的生理变量对其存活率及断奶前生长性能的影响

Effects of physiological variables on survival rate and growth performance before weaning of piglets after birth

文章旨在评估一些出生后测量的生理变量对仔猪在出生第一周的存活率和断奶前生长性能的影响。试验选择612头来自3~5胎龄母猪所产的仔猪,监测氧饱和度、心率、血糖浓度、出生后0和24h直肠温度,同时记录遗传谱系、是否助产、出生顺序、性别、肤色、脐带的完整性以及出生后到第一次站立的时间。分别在仔猪出生时、7、14和21d对仔猪称重,评估仔猪产后发育情况。出生后第3、7和21天的累积死亡率分别为3.3%、5.4%和8.7%。出生时直肠体温对仔猪的生存和生长性能无影响(P>0.05)。与正常肤色仔猪和站立时间在1min前的仔猪相比,青紫肤色的仔猪和站立时间在5min以上的仔猪死亡率更高(P<0.05)。脐带断裂的仔猪在出生后3d内死亡率较高(P<0.05)。仔猪在出生后3或7d较高的死亡率发生在出生顺序>9,出生体重<1275g,血糖浓度24~30mg/dL和45~162mg/dL以及出生后24h直肠温度<38.1℃。体重<1545g、出生后24h直肠温度<38.6℃的仔猪在断奶时体重较轻的概率较高(P<0.05)。在研究因素中,皮肤发紫、站立迟缓、脐带断裂、出生顺序高、体重低、出生后24h直肠温度低、血糖浓度低均是导致仔猪出生后第一周存活力较低的因素。

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of some physiological variables measured after birth on the survival rate and growth performance of piglets before weaning in the first week of life.A total of 612 piglets from 3 ~ 5 gestational age sows were selected to monitor oxygen saturation,heart rate,blood sugar concentration,postnatal 0 ~ 24 h rectal temperature,and to record the genetic pedigree,midwifery,birth order,gender,skin color,umbilical cord integrity, and the time from birth to first standing.Piglets were weighed at birth,7 d,14 d and 21 d to evaluate postpartum development. Cumulative mortality at 3,7,and 21 d was 3.3%,5.4%,and 8.7%,respectively.Rectal temperature at birth had no effect on survival and growth performance of piglets(P > 0.05).Compared with piglets with normal piglets and piglets with standing time of 1 minute,piglets with livid piglets and piglets with standing time of 5 minutes or more had a higher mortality rate(P < 0.05).The mortality of piglets with broken umbilical cord was higher 3 d after birth(P < 0.05).Piglets after birth 3 or 7 d had higher mortality occurred in birth order > 9,birth weight < 1275 g,blood glucose concentration levels 24 ~ 30 mg/ dL and 45 ~ 162 mg/dL and 24 h after the birth of the rectal temperature(38.1℃.Weight < 1545 g,24 h after the birth of the rectal temperature < 38.6 ℃ during weaning piglets weight lighter probability is higher(P < 0.05).Among the factors studied,purple skin,slow standing,broken umbilical cord,high birth order,low body weight,low rectal temperature and low blood sugar concentration were all factors leading to low vitality in the first week after birth of piglets.