政策过程中风险沟通有效性的影响因素研究——基于西安市出租车调价政策的实证分析

Study on Impact Factors of Risk Communication Effectiveness in Public Policy Process: An Empirical Research Based on the Taxi Fare Adjustment Policy in Xi’an

由公共政策引发的社会风险已经成为当前中国地方政府防范和化解重大风险攻坚战的重点关注对象,风险沟通则是缓解社会风险、构建共识和互信的有效途径。本文借鉴传播学的相关研究,将政策过程中的风险沟通有效性界定为政府风险沟通活动取得预期效果的程度,从公众、媒介、政府三个维度构建政策过程中风险沟通有效性的影响因素模型,并以西安市出租车调价政策为例,运用结构方程模型进行实证检验。研究发现:公众的参与主动性,政府的权威性、可信度和信息质量都对政策过程中的风险沟通有效性有显著的正向影响,但公众风险感知与媒介风险构建则会带来负向影响。为此,建议政府在公共政策过程中重视公众风险感知、规范引导媒介传播,同时树立良好的政府形象,增强公共政策风险治理能力。

For local governments in China,the social risks triggered by public policies have become the focus of the uphill battle on preventing and resolving major risks.Under such background,risk communication is viewed as an effective way to mitigate social risks,build consensus and foster mutual trust.Drawing on the relevant research in the field of communication,this study defines risk communication effectiveness in public policy process as the degree to which the governmental risk communication activities achieve the expected results.Next,the influential factors model of risk communication effectiveness in public policy process is built from the dimensions of the public,media and government.Then,taking the Taxi Fare Adjustment Policy in Xi’an as an example,this study tested the model through structural equation model analysis.Results show that the initiative of public participation,the authority and credibility of local governments,and the quality of information released by local governments has significantly positive influences on risk communication effectiveness in public policy process,however,the influences from people’s risk perception and media’s risk construction are negative.To this end,this study recommends the government to pay more attention to people’s risk perception,provide clear guidance and regulation to mass media,establish a good government image,and eventually enhance its capabilities of risk governance on public policies.