ROS在脂肪分化中的作用研究新进展

Role of ROS in the Regulation of Adipocyte Differentiation

由于肥胖及肥胖相关疾病在全球范围内的广泛流行,明确脂肪组织如何生长非常重要。脂肪组织主要由脂肪细胞分化、脂肪细胞肥大以及脂解作用共同调节。脂肪细胞分化是由多能干细胞或前脂肪细胞分化形成脂肪细胞的一个复杂而又程序化的过程。脂肪细胞的分化过程被分为四个阶段,生长抑制阶段,克隆扩增阶段,早期分化阶段和分化为成熟脂肪细胞表型的终末阶段。来自国内外多个研究的大量数据表明,活性氧(Reactive oxygen species, ROS)可以显著调节脂肪分化的过程进而影响肥胖及相关疾病的发生发展。作为一类重要的高活性分子,ROS在细胞内具有多种来源,主要包括线粒体、NADPH氧化酶、黄嘌呤氧化还原酶、黄嘌呤氧化酶、一氧化氮合酶等。本文回顾近年来的一些文献,对ROS及其生成系统在脂肪细胞分化中的作用进行综述,以期从氧化还原调节的角度明确脂肪细胞分化以及肥胖形成的机制,为肥胖及相关疾病的治疗提供新思路。

The prevalence of obesity and related diseases has increased dramatically in the last decades. Thus, it is of great importance to elucidate the mechanism underlying the formation of adipose tissue. The dynamics of adipose are mainly controlled by adipocyte differentiation, adipocyte enlargement and lipolysis. Adipocyte differentiation is a complex and programmed process in which new adipocytes are derived from multipotent stem cells or preadipocyte precursors. Briefly, adipocyte differentiation is divided into four steps, including initial growth arrest, mitotic clonal expansion, early differentiation, and terminal differentiation-development of mature adipocyte phenotype. Numerous studies have suggested that reactive oxygen species(ROS) could regulate the process of adipocyte differentiation, and thus affect the development of obesity and related diseases. Acting as a kind of highly-active molecule, the main sources of ROS in a cell include mitochondria, NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidoreductase, xanthine oxidase and nitric oxide synthase. Based on literature in the last years, we reviewed and discussed the role and mechanism of ROS and ROS-generating enzymes in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation, in order to clarify redox-mediated mechanism of adipocyte differentiation and obesity and to provide new clues for the treatment of obesity and related diseases.