“慈”与“孝”:生命历程中亲子关系的流变——鲁中礼庄村个案研究

Nurture and Dutifulness: the Chang of Parent-Child Relations in Life Course ——A Case Study of Lizhuang Village in Central Shandong Province

孝道是数千年中国传统文化的根基。对于个体来说,孝道是具体的生命体验,体现为在生命历程不同阶段亲子互动的动态亲属实践。在生命历程的不同阶段,亲子关系发生着微妙的变化。从总体看,在漫长的亲子互动历程中,二者关系呈现出"慈衰孝盛"的状态。具体说,逐渐从"慈盛孝无"转变为"慈衰孝长"再到"慈无(微)孝盛",而且伴随着子辈的成长与父辈的衰老,父母对子女的关怀从"极度无私"转向"极度有私"。在亲子互动过程中,虽然包含物质层面的交换,但更多的是情感性沟通与满足,而且随着父母步入暮年,父母对子女的孝道诉求更多的是内涵情感性的日常陪伴照料与精神慰藉。

Dutifulness is the foundation of traditional Chinese culture. For individuals, filial piety is a kind of specific life experience, which is embodied in the dynamic practice of parent-child interaction at different stages of life course. The parent-child relations subtly change at different stages of life course. Generally speaking, in the long process of parent-child interaction, the relationship between the two parties shows a trend of "reduction in parents’ nurture and increase in children’s dutifulness";specifically, a trend of gradual change from "full nurture of parents and no dutifulness of children" to "less nurture of parents and more dutifulness of children", and then to " no nurture of parents and full dutifulness of children". Meanwhile, with the growth of the children and the aging of the parents, the parents’ care for their children would shift from being "extremely unconditional" to "extremely conditional". Although material exchange is involved in parent-child interaction, emotional communication and satisfaction usually prevail. Moreover, as parents become aged, their demand for children’s dutifulness tends to be daily companionship and spiritual comfort with more emphasis on affective features.