国家、工厂体制与空间营造——外出农民工城市居住选择的一个理论分析框架

State,Regime of Factory and Spatial Separation——Theoretical Approach to Migrant Workers Housing Choice in Urban China

作为流动人口,农民工城市居住选择涉及到三个层面,即居住区位选择、居住方式选择以及居住质量选择。在农民工落脚城市的过程中,国家力量、工厂体制以及主体性因素相互作用。在居住区位上,地方政府空间营造能力越强,那么农民工的居住区位郊区化趋势越明显;农民工居住方式的选择与产业类型密切相关,低技能依赖型加工制造产业的农民工多选择集中居住,而服务业则倾向于分散居住;在居住质量上,存在着典型的“重生产、轻生活”的状况。在居住区位、居住方式以及居住质量三者中,居住质量是农民工唯一能够自主选择的,但却是他们选择过程中较少在乎的因素。在制定农民工住房政策时,关注其主体性、提升其可行能力远比简单改善其居住质量更为重要。

Migrant workers’ housing choice include three different parts,namely the living location choice,the living type choice and the living conditions choice.These three parts work in order of priority in the process of migrant worker’s decision-making.For rural-urban migrant workers,the location choice refers to choose living areas where are the most convenient for users.Stronger is the ability to attract outside investment,the concentration of migrant workers live in suburb is higher.Our data indicated that rural-urban migrant workers who working in manufacturing and construction industry tend to choose centralized living type,most of them live in the collective dormitories,what were supplied by the employers.Yet,who working in service industry usually live in the decentralized type,they tend to rent an apartment alone or with their relatives or friends in common communities.Although they would like to choose good quality housing as their income increase,but most of the rural-urban migrant workers did not care about their living conditions.