图腾:集体意识探源——以涂尔干《宗教生活的基本形式》为中心

Totem: Origin of Collective Consciousness——On Durkheim’s Totem in the Forms and Elements of Religious Life

在社会学学科视域下探究图腾,其意义在于图腾的发现、描述以及对图腾的诠释和建构。图腾的肇始并非源于生活的需要,而是源自人类生活意义的追问与解释,图腾的延续其意义在于如何影响人类的社会行为。相较于其他路径,社会学视域下的图腾增加了思想的灵动、群体关联的凝结与升华,社会意义的获得贯穿始终。假如说涂尔干在集体意识的设定和诉求上是一个完美的开端的话,那么,集体意识从群体向个体转化过程中,仍需要向社会生活的日常叙事转化,其独立性与创造性才能通达彼岸。

Study of Durkheim’s totem lies in the interpretation and the influence of social life.It adds smart ideals,condensation and sublimation in the form of totem on the angle of sociology,compared with other disciplines.The social fact,that is,collective consciousness is considered perfect start,however,we should construct a path of transforming of social life and independence and creativity on ideals activities.