大数据精准帮扶贫困地区教师的实践逻辑——基于Y市“大数据+教师专业发展支持系统”的分析

The Logic and Practice of Big Data Promoting Teachers’ Ability Accurately——Based on the Analysis of the “Big Data +Teachers’ Professional Development Support System” in the Y City

教育是阻断贫困代际传递的重要手段,大数据思维和互联网技术为推进教育精准扶贫提供了理念引领和技术支撑。以“大数据+教师专业发展支持系统”为例,该系统以云录播课程为平台,运用大数据思维和互联网技术,通过课前指导备课、课中点评技巧、课后改进反思等“点对点”的帮扶方式,对贫困地区教师进行科学化、精准化、个性化与针对性帮扶,为促进贫困地区教师的专业发展提供帮助。该系统不仅能通过完善的机制设计引领教师专业发展,还能通过大数据平台追踪教师的成长轨迹,通过被帮扶教师的教学反思激发其参与积极性,从而实现对教师的精准帮扶。基于该系统的调查数据和深度访谈表明,系统运行一年以来,不仅教师的教学理念明显转变,教学技能明显增强,综合素养明显提升,学生的不良行为规范也得到矫正,学习成绩更是大幅度提高。与此同时,实践中仍凸显出项目管理的科学化与精细化程度不够、项目运行的保障机制有待完善、教育帮扶的大数据收集与挖掘不足等困境,这些困境可以通过优化顶层设计、健全保障机制、深度挖掘后台大数据等举措来改进。

Education is an important means to block the intergenerational transmission of poverty. Big data thinking and Internet technology provide conceptual guidance and technical support for promoting accurate poverty alleviation in education. Taking the“ big data+ teachers’ professional development support system” as an example, the system takes the cloud recording and broadcasting course as the platform, with the help of big data thinking and Internet technology, through the“p oint-to-point” support methods such as pre-class guidance, during-class evaluation skills, after-class improvement and reflection, etc., to provide the scientific, accurate, individualized and targeted support to the teachers in poor areas. The system can not only lead the professional development of teachers through perfect mechanism design, but also trace the growth track of teachers through big data platform, stimulate their enthusiasm to participate through the teaching reflection of teachers, so as to achieve accurate support for teachers. The survey data and interviews based on the system show that since the system runs for one year, not only the teaching concept of teachers has changed obviously, the teaching skills have been obviously enhanced, and the comprehensive literacy has been obviously improved, but also the bad behavior norms of students have also been corrected, and their academic performance has been greatly improved. At the same time, in practice, it is still reflected that the scientific and fine degree of project management is not enough, the guarantee mechanism of project operation needs to be improved, and the collection and mining of big data for education aid is insufficient. These difficulties can be improved by optimizing the top-level design, perfecting the security mechanism, and deeply excavating big data in the background.