马克思“异化劳动”概念的历史辩证法解析——再读《1844年经济学哲学手稿》

On Historical Dialectics of Marx’s Concept of "Alienated Labor" ——By rereading Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

马克思“异化劳动”概念在其理论体系中具有极其重要的地位。“异化劳动”内在地包含作为耗费性活动和作为人的本质这样两个维度。马克思在写作《手稿》之后继续对资本主义雇佣劳动的研究,发现扬弃异化达到人自由自觉的活动在其现实性上必须是对资本主义雇佣劳动的批判。一方面雇佣劳动是资本主义生产下异化劳动的最高形式,另一方面消灭异化将是从雇佣劳动向自由劳动回归。在这里马克思的“异化劳动”概念体现了丰富的历史辩证法内涵。

Marx’s concept of"alienated labor"plays an extremely important role in his theoretical system."Alienated labor"contains two dimensions:consumption activities and human nature.After writing the manuscript,Marx continued his research on capitalist employment,and found that sublating and discarding alienation to achieve people’s free and conscious activities must be a criticism of capitalist employment labor in reality.On the one hand,employee labor is the highest form of alienated labor under capitalist production,on the other hand,eliminating alienation will be the return from employee labor to free labor.Here,Marx’s concept of"alienated labor"embodies rich historical dialectic connotation.