客观归责视域下的监督过失责任再思考——以生产安全事故为背景

Reflections on the Liability for Oversight Negligence from the Perspective of Objective Responsibility Attribution——Based on production safety accidents

生产安全事故频发,内部监督者是安全防范的核心。现有的过失论框架下,监督过失者的责任在实行行为方面存在认定困境。一方面由于传统的做法通常由结果倒推行为,导致客观性贬损;另一方面认定监督者的实行行为依据不明确,是否能将法律规定之外的企业内部规范作为刑事评价依据存有很大争议。因此,针对监督过失的不法层面需要重新构建。将客观归责理论作为新的理论基础适用于对监督过失的不法构造,在于客观归责理论将归因于归责相分离,在判断危险是否可归属于结果之后,才对行为进行认定。因此,对于监督过失的理论基础再审视具有理论与实践的双重意义。

Production safety accidents occur frequently,and internal supervisors are the core of safety precautions.Under the current framework of negligence theory,there are difficulties in identifying the responsibility of the supervisory negligence in carrying out the act.On the one hand,because the traditional practice is usually carried out by the reverse result,which leads to the objective derogation;on the other hand,the basis of the supervisor’s conduct is not clear,whether the internal norms of enterprises outside the legal provisions can be used as the basis of criminal evaluation is highly controversial.Therefore,it is necessary to reconstruct the illegal aspect of supervisory negligence.It is because the objective imputation theory will be attributed to the separation of imputation and responsibility.Only after judging whether the danger can be attributed to the result can the behavior be identified.Therefore,it is of both theoretical and practical significance to re-examine the theoretical basis of supervisory negligence.