基于行业全产业链评估一份外卖订单的环境影响

The environmental impact assessment of a takeaway food delivery order based on of industry chain evaluation in China

构建“生产—运输—使用—废弃处置”的外卖全产业链,通过大样本企业调研与外卖平台大数据分析,计算8个样本城市不同材质与规格的外卖餐盒、餐具、包装袋的市场使用比例,挖掘骑手配送的海量数据,收集城市垃圾处理处置情况,系统评估外卖全过程的环境影响.结果表明,外卖包装物全产业链中生产环节(45%)与废弃处置环节(50%)为环境影响的主要来源,严重程度依次为固废排放、水污染、资源能源消耗和大气污染.所在城市及选用包装物材质的不同,外卖行业造成的环境影响会有显著区别,全产业链上的各环节需相互配合,多主体共同承担环境责任,采取差别化的减缓应对措施.

The study focuses on the whole takeaway food delivery industry chain contains four phases including manufacturing,delivery,usage and disposal.The basic data of materials in manufacturing phase is from big data and sample analysis of current market.As for the delivery phase,the driving records of more than 1million delivery people were analyzed.The municipal solid waste management system is considered when calculating environmental impacts during disposal phase.The results show that the manufacturing phase and disposal phase,account for 45%and 50%of total environmental impact respectively,are the major sources of the environmental impact in the whole industry.The most serious environmental impact in this new industry is solid waste pollution,followed by water pollution,recourse consumption and air pollution.There are differences in environmental impact among different areas and packaging materials.Sustainable development of the industry requires multi-stakeholders at all stages share environmental responsibilities and establish effective cooperation.