竞争中立：政策应用及启示

Competitive Neutrality: Policy Application and Implications

竞争中立政策发轫于20 世纪70 年代以来部分发达国家的国企改革,并在欧美国家的推动下,向双边和多边规则过渡,目前已被越来越多的国家和地区认可。竞争中立的实质是对国有企业实行公司化、市场化治理,维护国有企业和私营企业公平竞争的市场环境,提高社会经济效率。竞争中立政策在多国的实践中存在类似的法律法规,亦存在一定的挑战。中国深化国资国企改革需明确国家所有权,提高公司治理的标准和要求,更加注重透明度,这既是完善社会主义市场经济的需要,也是中国参与国际竞争的需要。

The competitive neutrality policy, which had originated with the reform of State-owned enterprises in some developed countries since the 1970s and shifted to bilateral and multilateral rules, driven by European and American countries, has been recognized by more and more countries and regions. The essence of competition neutrality is to implement corporatization and market-oriented governance of State-owned enterprises, safeguard market environment for fair competition between State-owned and private enterprises, and thus improve social and economic efficiency. Many countries share similar laws and regulations regarding the competitive neutrality policy and policymakers also face some challenges in implementation of the policy. As it deepens reform of State-owned enterprises, China needs to clarify State ownership, raise corporate governance standards and requirements, and further improve transparency. It will not only help improve its socialist market economy, but also facilitate its participation in international competition.