晋东南旱作区玉米秸秆不同覆盖方式下土壤微生物多样性变化

Changes of soil microbial diversity based on different mulching methods of corn stalk in the dry farming area in Southeast Shanxi Province

为了研究土壤微生物与秸秆覆盖的关系,试验利用IlluminaHiseqTm^2500高通量测序技术测定细菌16SrRNAV3+V4区与真菌ITS1区序列,分析5种不同覆盖方式在玉米4个关键生育时期土壤微生物菌群结构及多样性。结果表明:玉米秸秆不同覆盖方式对细菌的结构及多样性影响不显著,各处理随时间均表现出先下降后上升再下降的趋势;对真菌影响显著。其中,无序覆盖(WX)、整秆覆盖(ZG)、地膜覆盖(DM)3种秸秆覆盖方式随生育时期的进程土壤真菌呈现先上升后下降的趋势;粉碎旋耕(FS)表现为先下降后上升再下降的趋势;烧秆(SG)表现为下降平缓再下降的趋势。与不覆盖的耕作方式相比,玉米秸秆覆盖会改变土壤中微生物的种类与结构,改善土壤质量,可在植物生长过程中持续提供营养物质。

To investigate the relationship between soil microbes and straw mulching,this study used Illumina HiseqTM 2500 high-throughput sequencing technology to determine the sequences of bacterial 16S rRNA V3+V4 and fungal ITS1 region and analyzed the soil microbial bacteria of five different coverage methods in four key growth stages.The results showed that the different mulching of corn stalks had no significant effect on the structure and diversity of bacteria.The treatments showed a trend of an initial decrease,followed by an increase and a decrease in the end;the effect on fungi was significant.Among them,the straw cover of unordered coverage (WX),whole stalk coverage (ZG) and mulch film coverage (DM) showed a trend of an initial increase first and a following decrease with the growth period.Grinding rotary tillage (FS) showed a trend of initial decreasing,then rising and decreasing at last.The performance of burning stalk (SG) declined slowly.Compared with non-mulching tillage methods,corn straw mulching changes the type and structure of microorganisms in the soil,improves the soil quality,and continues to provide nutrients during the plant growth.