青皮无花果春果发育过程中形态与质构变化分析

Analysis on Shape and Texture Changes of Green Fig Spring Fruit During Growth and Development

以青皮无花果春果为试材,对不同发育时期果实的形态特征与质构进行测试;运用TPA质构仪对无花果春果的形态特征与质构特性进行数据分析,以期研究无花果春果发育过程中形态、质构指标变化的特点。对不同发育时期的各项指标数据进行方差分析,得出各个时期无花果形态与质构特性的变化趋势。结果表明:果实形态变化方面,青皮春果单果质量由2.23 g生长到63.78 g;纵径由3.32 cm增长到4.97 cm,横径由3.00 cm增长到4.90 cm;明度值由33.79增加到50.82,色泽由最初的深绿色变为黄绿色。在果实质构特性方面,果实硬度由最初的3 263.36 g减小到347.24 g;果实弹性由0.88降低到0.76;回复力由0.47降低到0.36;咀嚼性由2 488.19降低到188.14;粘聚性稍有降低,由0.82 g×s降至0.72 g×s。可知,青皮无花果在发育过程中的生长规律为"快-慢-快"的典型S型生长曲线,单果质量、纵径、横径、明度值持续升高,果实硬度、弹性、回复力、咀嚼性、先增大后减小。各项指标显示青皮春果具有良好的可食用性与食用价值。

Using green fig spring fruit as test material,morphological characteristics and texture of fruits at different developmental stages were tested,five texture indexes of fig spring fruit,including firmness,elasticity,resilience,cohesion and chewiness,were analyzed by TPA texture analyzer to study the characteristics of morphological and textural indexes during the development of fig spring fruit.The results showed that morphological changes of fig spring fruits,the fruit weight of green fig spring fruit grew from 2.23 g to 63.78 g;vertical diameter increased from 3.32 cm to 4.97 cm,transverse diameter increased from 3.00 cm to 4.90 cm;lightness value increased from 33.79 to 50.82,the colour changed from dark green to yellow green.On the texture characteristics of fruits:fruit firmness decreased from 3 263.36 g to 347.24 g;fruit elasticity decreased from 0.88 to 0.76;esilience decreased from 0.47 to 0.36;chewiness decreased from 2 488.19 to 188.14;the cohesion decreased slightly,from 0.82 g×s to 0.72 g×s.The conclusion is that:the typical S-shaped growth curve of green figs during development is ‘fast-slow-fast’,the single fruit weight,vertical diameter,transverse diameter and lightness value continued to increase,fruit firmness,springiness,resilience,chewiness increased first and then decreased.Indicators showed that green fig spring fruit had good edibility and edible value.