基因与环境对婴幼儿气质的交互影响

Interactive influence of genetic and environmental factors on infant temperament

婴幼儿气质指婴幼儿对外界环境和刺激在注意、运动、情绪反应和自我调节等方面表现出的反应模式,具有显著的个体差异,并且能够预测成年后的多种心理行为特质和问题。婴幼儿气质与很多基因相关,同时受产前环境、家庭环境等环境因素的影响。基因和环境的交互作用,共同促进了婴幼儿气质到个体稳定心理特质的发展,使气质既表现出相对稳定性,又具有一定的可塑性,但基因-环境交互作用机制尚不清楚,是未来研究的重要方向。

Temperament is a construct comprising tonic individual differences in dispositional physiological and behavioral reactions, such as attentional,motor and emotional reactivity, as well as an evolving ability to regulate to environmental conditions. Infant temperament could predict some psychological and behavioral problems during childhood and adulthood. Some specific genes and a variety of environmental factors, such as prenatal environment and family environment, have been found to play important roles in infant temperament. The interactions of genetic and environmental factors modulate the developmental trajectory from infant temperament to stable psychological traits, which implicates that infant temperament has both stability and plasticity during development. However, the underlying physiological and psychological mechanisms of this gene-environment interaction remain unclear, where further researches should pay more attention.