青少年焦虑情绪与家庭环境、心理弹性之间的关联研究

Association study between anxiety and family environment as well as psychological resilience among adolescents

目的探寻青少年焦虑情绪与家庭结构、家庭环境因素和情感虐待之间的关系,为早期预防青少年焦虑情绪障碍提供参考依据。方法采用整群抽样法,于2014-2016年对河南省新乡市3 230名初高中生进行一般社会资料问卷、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查量表(SCARED)、家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)、中文版心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)评估测评后,进行多因素的Logistic回归分析焦虑情绪与家庭结构和环境因素之间的关联。结果 1)有效问卷为2 906份,有焦虑情绪为1 071名(36.9%);2)青少年焦虑和母亲外出打工有明显关联(χ^2=5.066,P=0.026);3)家庭环境因素的亲密度(OR=0.906,95%CI:0.856~0.959),娱乐性(OR=0.935,95%CI:0.896~0.975)是青少年焦虑情绪的保护因素,家庭矛盾性(OR=1.128,95%CI:1.078~1.181)、控制性(OR=1.064,95%CI:1.016~1.115)是青少年焦虑情绪的危险因素。4)坚韧性(OR=0.939,95%CI:0.914~0.964)、接受变化(OR=0.856,95%CI:0.817~0.896)是青少年焦虑情绪的保护因素,忍受消极情绪是青少年焦虑情绪的危险因素(OR=1.047,95%CI:1.010~1.085)。结论青少年家庭环境亲密度、娱乐性是影响青少年焦虑的保护性因素,长期忍受消极情绪增加了焦虑的风险,相反,越能提高坚韧性和抗压适应,越可以降低青少年焦虑的风险。

Objectives To explore the association between the family environment and anxiety among adolescents. Methods A multi-stage stratified sampling procedure was used to select 3 230 students from a middle school in Xinxiang city,Henan Province in China from 2014 to 2016. Participants completed self-designed general characteristics questionnaire,Screen for Anxiety Related Disorder(SCARED),Chinese Version of Family Environment Scale(FES-CV),and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC) adapted for the Chinese adolescents population. Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent effects of family environment and function on anxiety mood of adolescents. Results 1) Totally 2 906 valid questionnaires were collected,and 1 071(36.9%) students had anxious mood. 2) Whether mother work outside in another city or not was significantly related to anxiety of the adolescents(χ^2=5.066,P=0.026). 3) The cohesion(OR=0.906,95%CI:0.856-0.959) and entertainment(OR=0.935,95%CI:0.896-0.975) in the family environment factors were protective factors of anxiety mood in adolescents,while the confliction(OR=1.128,95%CI:1.078-1.181) and control factor(OR=1.064,95%CI:1.016-1.115) in the family environment were risk factors of anxiety mood in adolescents. 4) Resilience(OR=0.939,95%CI:0.914-0.964),adaptive ability of changing(OR=0.856,95%CI:0.817-0.896) in psychological resilience were protective facters of anxiety mood in adolescents. And tolerating negative emotions was the risk factor of adolescent anxiety(OR=1.047,95%CI:1.010-1.085). Conclusions Higher family cohesion and household entertainment might be protective factors for adolescent anxiety. Longer exposure to negative emotions increases the risk of anxiety. On the contrary,improving resilience and adaptive ability of changing could decrease the risk of anxiety of adolescents.