城乡学龄前儿童屏前时间与注意缺陷多动障碍症状的相关性研究

Associations between screen time and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder symptoms among urban and rural preschoolers

了解农村和城市学龄前儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)症状的流行情况,研究屏前时间与ADHD症状的关系。方法 2016年6月采用方便整群抽样的方法,从农村地区的5所幼儿园和城市地区的2所幼儿园共抽取1 154名4~7岁儿童,对其家长进行问卷调查。采用"ADHD评估量表第4版学龄前儿童版"评估ADHD症状水平。结果学龄前儿童ADHD症状阳性率为7.2%,其中农村地区检出率为8.3%,城市地区为6.8%。学龄前儿童屏前暴露时间大于2 h的儿童占27.1%,其中农村地区为39.4%,高于城市地区的22.2%。多因素回归显示,儿童睡前屏前暴露时间(β=1.05,P<0.01)越长,儿童ADHD症状水平越高;而父母陪伴时间越长,ADHD症状水平越低(β=-0.16,P<0.01)。此外,儿童性别(β=-1.97)、父母文化程度(β=-1.84,-2.30)和家庭收入(β=1.39)也会影响儿童ADHD症状水平(P<0.05)。结论睡前屏前暴露时间与学龄前儿童高ADHD症状水平密切相关,父母给予儿童更多的陪伴可减少儿童ADHD症状水平和屏前暴露时间。

Objective To learn about the prevalence of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) symptoms in urban and rural preschoolers,and to study the associations between screen time and in preschoolers. Methods Convenient cluster sampling method was adopted to select 1 154 children aged 4 to 7 years and their parents from 5 kindergartens in rural area and 2 kindergartens in urban area in June 2016. Parents were requested to fill out the questionnaire. ADHD symptoms were assessed by ADHD Rating Scale Ⅳ-Preschool Version. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results The overall prevalence of ADHD symptoms in preschoolers was 7.2%. The prevalence of ADHD symptoms in rural areas was 8.3%,and 6.8% in urban areas. Totally 27.1% of preschool children were exposed to screen for more than 2 hours per day,and it was 39.4% in rural areas and 22.2% in urban areas. Multifactor analysis showed that long screen time before sleep was associated with higher level of ADHD symptoms(β=1.05,P<0.01),while longer tome for companion by parents predicted lower level of ADHD symptoms(β=-0.16,P<0.01). In addition,children′s gender(β=-1.97),parental education(β=-1.84,-2.30),and family income(β=1.39) also affected the level of ADHD symptoms in preschoolers(P<0.05). Conclusions Pre-sleeping screen time before bed is closely related to high level of ADHD symptoms in preschoolers. More accompany with children by parents is associated with lower level of ADHD symptoms and screen time.