消灭资本主义还是挽救资本主义？——论美国近代民主社会主义的兴起

Destroy or Save Capitalism?——The Rise of Modern Democratic Socialism in the United States

从2016年总统选举开始,民主社会主义在美国政坛悄然兴起。自称是社会主义者的佛蒙特州联邦参议员伯尼桑德斯,是美国有史以来第一个公开打起社会主义旗帜的总统候选人,他为什么能够获得广泛的社会支持?追根溯源,美国当下的民主社会主义思潮与罗斯福新政是一脉相承的。近代美国总统,从罗斯福、杜鲁门、肯尼迪、约翰逊,一直到克林顿、奥巴马,他们都试图对传统资本主义制度进行改良,而且也取得了一定的成效,从而保证了资本主义生产方式在美国的持续运转。他们虽然都只是在修补、改良或者说是在挽救资本主义,但毕竟是在推动历史的发展。资本主义生产方式在目前的美国,还有它存在的理由,它毕竟还在创造着巨大的、新的生产力,而这与民主社会主义对它的改良、限制密不可分。因此,民主社会主义在美国同样有它存在的理由,这也是桑德斯敢于公开打起社会主义旗帜的根本原因。

Since the 2016 presidential election,democratic socialism has quietly emerged in American politics.Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders,a self-proclaimed socialist,has been the first presidential candidate in the American history who openly embraces socialism.Why did he win wide support?The current trend of democratic socialism in the United States can be traced back to Roosevelt's New Deal.Modern American presidents,from Roosevelt,Truman,Kennedy and Johnson to Clinton and Obama,have all tried to improve the traditional capitalist system and achieved certain results,thus ensuring the continuous operation of the capitalist mode of production in the United States.Though they were only tinkering,improving or saving capitalism,they still pushed history forward.At present,there is still a reason for the existence of the capitalist mode of production in the United States as it is creating huge,new productivity,and this is because democratic socialism improves and limits it.Therefore,demcx:ratic socialism also has its own reasons for existing in the United States,which fundamentally explains why Sanders dares to openly hold the socialist banner.