美国政治新风向：民主社会主义的勃兴

New Trend of American Politics: The Prosperity of Democratic Socialism

自2016年大选以来,民主社会主义第一次在美国政治中以极具吸引力的思潮出现,成为美国政治中的新现象,备受瞩目。随着大批年轻人在内的民众加入民主社会党,民主党也在逐渐左转,美国政治思潮和民意出现系列剧变。究其原因,有深层次的美国结构性危机的累积效应,也有全球化下的迷茫;还有主流传统精英应对危机错位乏术等因素。此外,桑德斯等社会主义者在现实政治中对社会主义的内涵进行了美国化的解读,在借鉴北欧民主社会主义范式,及追寻美国历史传统基础上,淡化生产资料公有制,回击了特朗普等的政治攻击,也是其显著动因。以桑德斯为代表刮起的民主社会主义旋风已促使美国社会开始超越意识形态,并推翻了一个世纪以来“美国不会有社会主义”的历史性论断。而“非主流”或“反建制”登上美国历史舞台,全面搅动美国政局,这亦标志着美国社会正在寻找新的政治方向与突破。

Since the general election in 2016,democratic socialism has emerged as a new phenomenon in American politics for the first time as a highly attractive trend of thought.With a large number of young people joining the Democratic Socialist Party,the Democratic Party is turning left gradually,and a series of dramatic changes have taken place in American political thought and opinions.The reasons include the cumulative effect of the deep-seated structural crisis in the United States,confusion due to globalization,and the lack of skills of the mainstream traditional elites in dealing with the crisis.In addition,Sanders and other socialists interpreted the connotation of socialism in the American realistic politics.On the basis of drawing lessons from the Nordic democratic socialist model and pursuing the American historical tradition,they weakened the public ownership of means of production and responded to the political attacks of Trump,which was also a significant reason.The whirlwind democratic socialism led by Sanders has prompted American society to transcend ideology and overthrow the century-long historical conclusion that"there will be no socialism in the United States".Yet,as the"non-mainstream"or"anti-establishment"forces appear on the stage of American history,they have stirred up the political situation of the United States in an all-round way,which also signifies that American society is looking for new political directions and breakthroughs.