优化施肥对京郊地区设施生菜产量、品质及土壤速效养分的影响

Effects of optimized fertilization on the yield, quality and soil available nutrients of greenhouse lettuce in suburban areas of Beijing

为改善目前设施生菜的化肥过量施用,以及化肥的施用时期等问题,以农户习惯施肥为基础,设计减量优化施肥方案,研究优化施肥对京郊设施生菜产量、品质及土壤速效养分的影响。以结球生菜‘射手101’为试材,设CK、单施有机肥、习惯施肥、优化施肥A、优化施肥B共5个处理。试验结果表明,优化施肥A处理能够提高生菜经济产量,比CK处理提高22.01%,比习惯施肥处理提高5.82%;优化施肥A处理生菜硝酸盐含量最低,维生素C含量最高;优化施肥A处理能提高生菜养分吸收量,减少速效养分在土壤中的累积,同时能够提高生菜产量和品质,减少肥料浪费。

In order to improve the excessive application of chemical fertilizer on greenhouse lettuce and the application period of chemical fertilizer, based on the farmers' habitual fertilization, the optimal fertilization scheme was designed to study the effects of optimal fertilization on yield, quality and soil available nutrients of greenhouse lettuce in Beijing suburbs.‘Sheshou 101'was used as material in this research. 5 treatments were set, which were respectively CK, organic fertilizer applied alone, habitual fertilization, optimized fertilization A and optimized fertilization B. The results showed that optimized fertilization A could increase the economic yield of lettuce, which was 22.01% higher than CK, 5.82% higher than conventional fertilization, also, the lettuce of optimized fertilization A treatment showed the lowest nitrate content and the highest Vc content. In conclution, optimized fertilization A could increase the nutrient uptake of lettuce and reduce the accumulation of available nutrients in soil. The optimized fertilization A could increase the yield and quality of lettuce and reduce the waste of fertilizer.