当代城市女性晚婚现象的多维度探究——基于贝克尔《家庭论》

Multi-Dimensional Exploration of Urban Females’ Late Marriage:Based on Becker’s A Treatise on the Family

为解决当前的低生育水平问题,我国近年来几度调整生育政策但收效不佳,婚姻作为传统意义上的“生育前战”备受关注。结合贝克尔的“婚姻市场”“家庭分工”等新家庭经济学理论进行分析可得,当代城市女性在婚姻市场中迟迟推延结婚年龄或不婚是婚姻的直接成本与间接成本过高,个人收益不明显且家庭收益不明确,婚后存在法律风险所导致。解决该问题的根本在于进一步倡导社会范围内的两性平等,并落实在法律保障和舆论观念上。应当提高对家庭部门劳动的重视程度,通过树立正确的婚姻观念与家庭观念,保障两性的婚育自由,缓解“婚育一体化”带来的顾虑。

In order to solve the problem of low birth rate,though China has adjusted its birth policy several times in recent years,the effect was not obvious. Based on the analysis of Becker’s "marriage market","family division of labor" and other new family economic theories,it can be concluded that the delay in marriage age or non-marriage of contemporary urban females in the marriage market is the direct and indirect costs of marriage are too high,personal benefits are not obvious and family benefits are not clear, and there are legal risks after marriage. The fundamental solution to this problem lies in further advocating gender equality in the social sphere and implementing it in legal protection and public opinion. We should pay more attention to the labor in the family sector,and set up the correct concept of marriage and family,so as to guarantee the freedom of marriage and birth for both genders and ease the concerns brought by the integration of marriage and birth.