西藏纳木错流域现代环境变化特征及影响

Characteristics and Influences of Modern Environmental Changes in Namco Basin in Tibet

该文利用已有资料,综述了纳木错流域冰川湖泊对气候变暖的敏感响应。太阳辐射是气候变化的主要能量来源,西风和印度季风的不均匀分布对高原冰川和湖泊的影响具有区域差异性。在气候变暖背景下,1970年以来,纳木错流域的冰川呈退缩趋势,湖泊面积呈扩大趋势,湖泊结冰时间延迟,融化时间提前,平均降水量变化趋势不明显。以上指标的变化都不具有周期性,很难识别太阳黑子的活动周期。冰川融化是湖泊面积扩大的主要因素,冻土融化产生的水量也是湖泊面积扩大不可忽视的原因。

Based on the available data, the sensitive response of glacial lakes to climate warming in Namco Basin has been summarized. Solar radiation is the main energy source of climate change. The effects of the uneven distribution of westerlies and Indian monsoon on Plateau glaciers and lakes are different in different regions. Under the background of climate warming, the glaciers in Namco basin have been retreating since 1970s, and the area of Namco lake has been expanding. Moreover, the freezing time of the lake is delayed, the melting time is advanced, and the change trend of average precipitation is not obvious. None of the above indicators has periodicity, so it is difficult to identify the activity cycle of sunspots. Glacier melting is the main factor of lake area enlargement, and the amount of water produced by frozen soil melting is also the reason that lake area enlargement can not be ignored.