西北太平洋柔鱼适宜栖息地动态变化研究

Dynamics of Suitable Habitat of Ommastrephes bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

柔鱼(Ommastrepes bartramii)是短生命周期种类,具有较高的经济价值和重要的生态地位,研究柔鱼资源对我国的远洋渔业发展有重要作用。本研究根据2005~2016年8~10月西北太平洋柔鱼渔业数据以及海表温度(Sea surface temperature, SST)数据,依据前人建立的柔鱼栖息地适宜性指数模型(Habitat suitability index, HSI)计算适宜柔鱼栖息地面积大小,并与柔鱼单位捕捞努力量渔获量(Catch per unit of fishing effort, CPUE)和渔获量进行相关性分析。研究发现,2015年平均适宜栖息地(HSI>0.6)面积范围最大,达到1087369km^2;2008年平均适宜栖息地面积范围最小,仅为618407.5 km^2。所选区域内适宜栖息地分布能有效反映柔鱼的资源分布情况,但其适宜栖息地面积大小与渔获量和CPUE之间不存在显著相关性(P>0.05)。其原因可能有:鱿钓渔船作业集中,导致单船渔获量不能表征实际CPUE;大尺度的气候变化,特别是厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜现象会影响柔鱼资源量;黑潮与亲潮的变化也会影响柔鱼资源量。

Neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) is a short-lived species with high economic value and important ecological status. The study of squid resources plays an important role in the development of Chinese offshore fisheries. Based on the data from the Northwest Pacific squid fishery and sea surface temperature (SST) data from August to October of 2005~2016, and the habitat suitability index (HSI) model established by the predecessors, the size of the squid's habitat was correlated with catch per unit of fishing effort (CPUE) and the catch. We found that the average area of suitable habitat (HSI>0.6) was the largest in 2015, reaching 1,087,369 km^2. In 2008, the average suitable habitat area was the smallest (618,407.5 km^2). The suitable habitat distribution in the selected area can effectively reflect the resource distribution of the squid;however, there is no significant correlation between the size of the suitable habitat area and the catch and CPUE (P>0.05). The reasons may be as follows (1) the concentration of squid fishing vessels resulting in single-vessel catches that do not characterize the CPUE;(2) large-scale climate change, particularly El Nino and La Nina, affecting squid resources;(3) changes in Kuroshio and Tide also affect the amount of squid resources.