川东北地区妇女乳腺自查现状及影响因素的分析

Current Situation and influencing Factors of Women’s Breast Self -examination in Northeast Sichuan

目的:了解川东北地区妇女对乳房自查的现状,探讨影响川东北地区妇女乳房自查的因素及必要性。方法:通过立意抽样法,采用自行设计的调查问卷对川东北地区2018年1月至2018年11月的800名妇女进行调查,并对数据进行统计分析。结果:1)当地女性对自身的自我反省意识为29.3%,在乳房自我检查时,没有接受过有关乳房健康知识教育的女性高达80.5%;但其中89.6%的女性认为有必要进行乳房自我检查。2)此次调查数据表明,仅3.5%的女性能够坚持自我检查,没有防范意识的女性高达96.5%。对乳腺癌相关内容了解的女性仅占5.6%,但96.2%的女性认为乳腺癌的早期诊断至关重要。3)对于乳腺相关知识的获取:其中64.3%的女性希望通过医学教育的相关咨询而获得,为主要获取方式;其次是专题讲座,占63.5%,科学的视频压缩盘片(简称VCD)18.7%,幻灯播放为13.5%,其他的占11.9%。4)单因素分析结果说明川东北当地女性对自己乳房的自我检查意识很差,乳房保健相关知识严重缺乏,应加强乳腺自查相关知识的宣传教育和推广。多因素分析结果说明年龄大、收入高、教育程度深、对乳腺癌筛查内容越理解以及早期乳腺癌诊断重要性越高,其知晓率就越高,就会加强乳腺的自我检查。结论:1)川东北当地女性对自己乳房的自我检查意识很差,乳房保健相关知识严重缺乏,应加强乳腺自查相关知识的宣传教育和推广。2)女性越早意识到乳腺癌早期诊断的重要性,乳房的健康水平就能得到提升。同时应以深入浅出的乳腺癌知识宣教方式对乳腺癌知识进行普及,以提高妇女的乳房自查意识,促进妇女的乳房健康。3)年龄大、收入高、教育程度深、对乳腺癌筛查内容越理解以及明白早期乳腺癌诊断重要性越高,其知晓率就越高,就会加强乳腺的自我检查。

Objective:To understand the current situation of women's breast self-examination in northeastern Sichuan, and to explore the factors and necessity of influencing women's breast self-examination in northeastern Sichuan. Methods: 800 women in northeastern Sichuan from January 2018 to November 2018 were surveyed by means of purposeful sampling and self-designed questionnaires, and the data were analyzed statistically. Results: 1) The self-reflection awareness of local women was 29.3%. When breast self-examination was conducted, 80.5% of the women did not receive breast health education, but 89.6% of them thought it necessary to have breast self-examination. 2) According to the survey data, only 3.5% of women can insist on self-examination, and 96.5% of women have no awareness of prevention. Only 5.6% of women knew about breast cancer, but 96.2% of them thought that early diagnosis of breast cancer was very important. 3) Mammary gland-related knowledge acquisition: 64.3% of the women want to get it through medical education-related counseling, which is the main way of acquisition;secondly, special lectures, accounting for 63.5%, scientific video compact discs (VCD) 18.7%, slide shows 13.5%, and other 11.9%. 4) Univariate analysis showed that the local women in northeastern Sichuan had poor awareness of breast self-examination and lack of knowledge about breast health care. Therefore, the publicity, education and promotion of knowledge about breast self-examination should be strengthened. Multivariate analysis showed that older age, higher income, higher education, better understanding of breast cancer screening content and the importance of early breast cancer diagnosis increased the awareness rate, which would strengthen breast self-examination. Conclusion: 1) Local women in northeastern Sichuan have poor awareness of breast self-examination and lack of knowledge about breast health care. We should strengthen the publicity, education and promotion of knowledge about breast self-examination. 2) The earlier women realize the importance of early diagnosis of breast cancer, the better their breast health will be. At the same time, the knowledge of breast cancer should be popularized by means of in-depth and shallow breast cancer education so as to improve women's breast self-examination awareness and promote women's breast health. 3) The higher the age, income, education, understanding of breast cancer screening and the importance of early breast cancer diagnosis, the higher the awareness rate will be, which will strengthen breast self-examination.