论恩格斯早期启蒙主义世界观

Research on Development of Engels’ Enlightenment Worldview at His Early Youth

恩格斯青少年时期在接受宗教保守主义教育的同时,也受到母亲和外祖父以及中学老师良好的人文主义和自然科学的教育和影响,受到德国民主主义运动和启蒙主义运动的影响,这使他逐步地接受了启蒙主义世界观。恩格斯早期的启蒙主义世界观主要表现为:向往理性自由,热烈地讴歌为争取自由而奋斗的精神;反对封建专制,对德国封建等级制度进行了辛辣的讽刺和猛烈的抨击;厌恶宗教虔诚主义,揭露了宗教虔诚主义的伪善和粗暴;崇尚科学和追求真理的精神,渴求获得更多的知识。启蒙主义世界观在促使恩格斯的思想从接受宗教保守主义转向自由民主主义再转向黑格尔主义的过程中起到了中间环节的作用。

Engels received the education of religious conservatism during his adolescence,and also he was influenced by the sound education of humanism and natural sciences from his mother,grandfather and high school teacher as well as influenced by the German Democratic Movement and the French Enlightenment to a greater extent in the meantime,these experiences enabled him to gradually develop his Enlightenment world outlook. The early Enlightenment world outlook of Engels mainly includes four perspectives,which are the pursuit of reasonable freedom with praises for the spirit to strive for it,the rejection of feudal autocracy and its form in Germany with bitter irony and sharp criticism,the aversion to religious piety with exposures to its hypocrisy and violence and the advocacy of science and truth with demands for more knowledge. It is suggested that the Enlightenment world outlook was acting as the agency in shifting position of Engels from the religious conservatism through the liberal democracy to Hegelianism.