长距离输水管道水力过渡分析及水锤防护措施研究

An Analysis of Hydraulic Transition and Research on Water-hammer Protection Measures in Long-distance Pipeline

为避免停泵水锤对长距离输水管道系统造成破坏,有必要对水泵机组及其输水管道进行水力过渡分析,从而提出相应的防水锤措施。采用特征线法,对四川某水厂工程在事故停泵下引起的停泵水锤进行水力过渡计算,分别对无水锤防护措施、二阶段关阀与空气阀联合防护措施以及安装单向调压塔防护措施三种情况进行分析。结果发现:无水锤防护措施下,事故停泵将引起液柱分离再弥合和水泵倒转现象,其倒转速度超过相关规范要求;安装空气阀和改善泵出口阀门关闭规律不能使输水管道内最大水锤压力降低到合理范围之内;安装单向调压塔有效缓解液柱分离再弥合现象的发生,水锤压力在管道设计压力范围之内。

In order to avoid the damage caused by the water hammer, this paper thinks that it is necessary for us to analyze hydraulic transition. In this paper, the method of characteristics is used to calculate the hydraulic transition process of water hammer caused by the accidental pump-stop in a water plant project. The unprotected measures, the protection measures for the valve two stage shutting off and the air valve, and one-way surge tank measures are respectively carried out for water hammer. The results show that under the unprotected measures, the accidental pump-stop will cause liquid column separation and pump reverses. The reverse rotational speed exceeds the relevant standard. Under the united protection measures of the slow-closing check valve and the air valve, the liquid column is mitigated, but cannot be avoided. The installation of the one-way surge tank effectively alleviates the liquid column separation phenomenon, and the water hammer pressure is within the pipeline design pressure range.