中西比较视野下的中国民族交融发展道路

Chinese Road of Integration and Development Among All Ethnic Groups from a Compararive Perspective Between China and the West

通过与西方国家从理念、政治参与模式、经济社会发展路径、语言文化权利保障范式以及国家凝聚力与社会(民族)团结建设模式五个方面的综合比较,发现:中国的民族交融发展道路在理念上体现为各民族平等、团结、互助与和谐;在政治参与上体现为共产党统一领导下的各民族交融式参与;在经济、社会发展方面体现为各民族发展的一体化(共同繁荣);在语言、文化权利保障方面体现为各民族语言文化一律平等保护;在国家凝聚力与社会(民族)团结建设方面,体现为个体与群体权利并重,政治价值观与传统文化的价值高度融合,从而形成56个民族的强大凝聚力和社会团结。总体上,中国的民族政策,不仅体现在“权利”分殊层面,更是上升到“命运共同体”高度。在中国共产党领导下的中国,民族关系总体和睦向上,各民族之间的发展水平日益趋向真实的平等;而西方国家的民族(种族)关系在相对保持稳定的情况下,不时出现反复,其族群间发展水平差距有扩大之势。不同的理念、制度和文化观造就了中国和西方国家不同的民族关系和发展现状。

By comparision of five aspects bewteen China and the West-ideal,model of political participation,path of economic and social development,pattern of protection of language and culture rights,and model of social (national) cohesion and solidarity,this paper reveals that Chinese road of integration and development among all ethnic groups has the following characteristics:the ideal of equality,solidarity,mutual assistance and harmony among all ethnic groups;the integrative participation model of all ethnic groups under the unified leadership of the Communist Party of China;the integration on the economic and social development (common prosperity and development);equal protection of the language and culture rights of all ethnic groups;strong sense of cohesion and social solidarity of 56 ethnic groups, based on the equal emphasis on the individual and collective rights as well as the close integration between the political value and traditional cultural value. In general,china’s ethnic policies embody both specific rights and level of community with a common future. In China,due to the leadership of the Communist Party of China,harmonious relations between ethnic groups are strengthened,and the trend to the real equality of development among all ethnic groups is growing. On the other side,in the West countries,the ethnic (racial) relationship remains relatively stable though,sometimes a retrograde relationship can be discovered,and the gap between the ethnic groups has a trend of further expansion. Different ideals,systems and cultural concepts lead to the different ethnic relationship and current situation of development between China and the West.