日本史前叉状研齿的分布、特点与象征意义

Distribution, Characteristics and Symbolic Meaning of Teeth Filing in Japanese Prehistory

本文主要根据日文资料,对日本史前叉状研齿习俗的分布、特征与象征意义进行分析。从考古学资料来看,日本史前时期拔牙习俗丰富多彩,不仅分布面较广,类型复杂多样,颗数较多,性别差异明显,而且还有较为奇特的叉状研齿。日本史前有叉状研齿的人骸主要集中在爱知县和大阪府的一些遗址之中。日本史前叉状研齿具有明显的齿种特征、地区特征、年代特征、性别特征、年龄特征、拔牙类型特征和比例特征。日本学术界关于叉状研齿象征意义的讨论主要有两种观点:一是巫师或军事首领的象征,二是特殊阶级或特殊职业的象征。前一种观点论据不足,后一种观点接近事实。

Based on Japanese sources,this paper analyzes the distribution,characteristics and symbolic meaning of the custom of teeth filing. According to the archaeological sources,the tooth notching in Japanese prehistory was a widespread custom,including diversified and complicated types. And in Japan,more notched teeth,obvious differences of gender,and special types,teeth filing,were found. The human bones with teeth filing were unearthed from some sites in Aichi Prefecture and Osaka Prefecture of Japan. The teeth filing of Japanese prehistory has distinguishing features of type of tooth,region,period,gender,age,type of tooth notching and proportion. Japanese researchers put forward two theories about the symbolic meaning of the custom. The author argues that the theory that it was a symbol of wizard or military leader has no enough good arguments but the one that it was the symbol of a special class or a special occupation comes closer to the truth.