长江流域禁捕渔业生态补偿框架和测算模型

Framework of payment for environmental services for fishery in the Yangtze River basin

随着长江资源环境保护与经济发展矛盾的日益加剧,渔业资源保护与渔民民生的矛盾也日益突出。渔业生态补偿是遏制长江流域渔业水生生态系统继续恶化的客观需求及重要制度安排。借鉴草原退捕生态补偿和征地补偿测算框架,基于经济学理论和物权法,运用机会成本法,得出长江流域禁捕渔业生态补偿标准测算应包含:捕捞收益补偿(捕捞许可证回购)、社会保障补偿(失业、养老和医疗补助)、专用生产设备报废补偿(渔船和网具)三大部分,进而提出每个部分的测算模型,最终得出退捕渔民生态补偿总公式,为长江流域生态保护政策的实施提供有益参考。

With the increasing contradiction between environmental protection and economic development in Yangtze River basin, the contradiction between fishery resources protection and fisherman's livelihood is becoming increasingly prominent. Payment for environment services (PES) for fishery is the objective demand and important institutional arrangement to curb the deterioration of fishery aquatic ecosystem in the Yangtze River basin. Using the framework of PES for grassland and land expropriation for reference, based on the theory of economics and property law, the PES for fishery in Yangtze River basin should include three parts, which are payment for fishing profit (buy-back of fishing license),payment for social security (unemployment, pension and medic aid) and payment for fishing special equipment (fishing boat and fishing gear). This research formulates the measuring model of the PES for fishery in Yangtze River basin, and it provides the beneficial reference for the Yangtze River basin ecological protection policy implementation.