近代中国茶业金融问题研究

The Study on the Financial Problems of Tea Industry in Modern China

20世纪初,华茶在国际市场的销售额一直下滑,其根源之一在于茶业金融供给不足。风险与收益不对称导致农业类银行及商业银行投资力度不够。茶栈、旧式金融机构对茶业放款具有比较优势,但额度受限。茶叶银行、丝茶银行等专业性的银行缺乏政府支持,昙花一现,没能发挥应有的作用。南京国民政府统制茶叶销售贷款事宜增加了茶业的交易成本,调节茶业金融的作用微弱。近代中国茶业金融问题比较突出,金融机构也提供了一定的资金支持,但未真正解决茶业生产与销售的市场机制问题,最终未能扭转茶叶产业融资难、出口量下降的困境。

At the beginning of the 20th century,Chinese tea sales showed a precipitous decline in the international market,one of the root cause was the insufficient financial supply of tea industry.The asymmetry of risk and income leads to agricultural banks and commercial banks lack of investment in tea industry.Tea stacks and old-fashioned financial institutions have more comparative advantages in make loans to the tea industry,but the amount is limited.Tea banks,Silk tea banks and other professional banks lack of government support,did not play its due role.The Nanjing National Government controlled the loans,increased the transaction costs of the tea industry,the role of regulating the tea industry finance was weak.The financial problems of tea industry in modern China are more prominent.Although financial institutions provided certain financial support,they failed to truly solve the problems of the market mechanism of tea production and sales,and ultimately failed to reverse the difficult situation of the tea industry financing.