现代德性幸福的世俗性、正义性与超越性——基于费尔巴哈人本幸福论的分析

Secularity, Justice and Transcendence of Modern Virtue Happiness:An Analysis Based on Feuerbach’s Theory of Humanistic Happiness

对宗教幸福的猛烈批判是费尔巴哈人本幸福论的重要使命,同时费尔巴哈也深刻批判了古典德性幸福,并在此基础上推动了现代德性幸福的进程。费尔巴哈的人本学和幸福论在表面上很容易造成快乐主义、自然主义、利己主义的粗鄙印象,然而其理论上“幸福——道德”“人——上帝”的内在逻辑表明,人本幸福论中德性幸福、理性主义、人本宗教的旨趣并不逊色。费尔巴哈幸福论的意义不仅仅在于把人的幸福从虚幻的天堂重新拉回现实的世界,同时也在一定程度上促进了古典德性幸福的复兴,并对现代德性幸福的世俗性、正义性和超越性具有深刻的启示价值。

The fierce criticism to religious happiness is an important mission of Feuerbach's theory of humanistic happiness.Feuerbach also profoundly criticized the classical virtue happiness.On this basis,he promoted the process of modern virtue happiness.Feuerbach's view on humanism and happiness are likely to make a vulgar impression of hedonism,naturalism and egoism,but the logic of"Happiness-Moral","Human-God"of his theory indicates that the purport of virtue happiness,rationalism and humanistic religion in his theory is not inferior.The significance of Feuerbach’s view of happiness lies not only in that it has brought people’s happiness from the illusory heaven back to the real world,but also in that it has promoted the revival of classical virtue happiness in a certain sense.And it has profound enlightenment value on the secularity,justice and transcendence of modern virtue happiness.