工业园区恶臭污染源排放特征和健康风险评估

Characterization and Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to Odorous Pollutants Emitted from Industrial Odor Sources

为了深入了解工业园区恶臭污染情况、保障工业园区工作人员的工作环境安全,以珠海市某工业园区为分析对象,采集园区内涉及8种行业类型、14个工业恶臭源的主要工艺流程中通过有组织方式排放的恶臭废气,分析了14个排放源的恶臭VOCs排放特征,测定了感官臭气浓度,应用理论臭气强度法确定了各排放源的特征恶臭物质,并对各排放源的恶臭废气进行了致癌和非致癌风险评估.结果表明:①14个排放源排放的物质种类相同、含量差异较大,纤维和电池制造及烃类、酸酐、酯类和溶剂合成的恶臭VOCs排放以烷烯烃为主;炼油源、PTA合成源和乳胶合成源废气中苯及苯系物含量最高;酯类化合物是活性炭加工、树脂合成源和喷涂源废气排放的主要物质;陶瓷制造源和添加剂合成源排放的废气以羰基化合物和硫化物为主;②14个排放源的废气均具有较为强烈的感官刺激性,润滑油添加剂合成和乳胶类合成排放的废气感官刺激性最严重.其中,添加剂合成源的特征恶臭物质为乙硫醇、乙硫醚、正丁醇和甲苯,乳胶合成源的特征恶臭物质为苯乙烯、丙苯、异丙苯、丙烯酸丁酯和1,3-丁二烯;③14个排放源恶臭废气的终生致癌风险LCR值范围为3.06×10^-7~1.06×10^-2,其中炼油源、PTA合成源、酯类合成源和乳胶合成源排放废气存在较大潜在风险;非致癌风险HI总值范围为0.02~51.66,其中乳胶合成、酯类合成、炼油、PTA合成和纤维制造存在一定的非致癌健康风险.乳胶合成源、酸酐合成源和树脂合成源厂界均存在潜在致癌风险.

Odor pollution has a high complaint rate with strong public concern,and industrial production is an important source of this type of pollution in China.To understand odor pollution in industrial parks and to protect the safety of work environments,samples were collected from 14 industrial odor sources and then were analyzed for odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs ) and odor concentration.Based on the field data,the main compounds causing odor were assessed and identified.The cancer and non-cancer risk of odor exposure were correspondingly estimated by the health risk model.These following results were noted.①The substances discharged from 14 sources were the same,but the content varied greatly.Alkanes and alkenes are the major odorous compounds of fibers and batteries manufacturing and in the synthesis of hydrocarbons,anhydrides,esters,and solvents.Benzene and benzene series in waste gases from refineries,purified terephthalic acid (PTA),and latex sources were the highest.Esters are the main pollutants emitted from activated carbon processing,resin synthesis,and spraying.Carbonyl compounds and sulfides are the main exhaust gases from ceramic manufacturing and additive synthesis.②Exhaust gases from 14 sources caused strong irritation.The synthesis of lubricating oil additives and latex sources result in severe olfactory stimulation.Ethyl mercaptan,ethyl sulfide,n-butanol,and toluene were the major odorous compounds of lubricating oil additives sources.Styrene,propylbenzene,cumene,butyl acrylate,and 1,3- butadiene were the major odorous compounds of latex sources.③The carcinogenic risk levels for 14 sources ranged from 3.06 × 10^-7 to 1.06 × 10^-2,expressed as life cancer risk (LCR).Refinery,PTA,ester,and latex sources had the highest carcinogenic risk among the 14 emission sources.The non-carcinogenic risk levels for the 14 sources ranged from 0.02 to 51.66,expressed as hazard index (HI).The total HI of latex synthesis,ester synthesis,petroleum refining,PTA synthesis,and fiber manufacturing has certain noncarcinogenic health risks.Factory boundaries for latex,anhydrides synthesis,and resin synthesis sources have potential carcinogenic risk.