全氟烷基物质在胶州湾海水、沉积物及生物中污染特征

Pollution Characteristics of Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances(PFASs) in Seawater,Sediments,and Biological Samples from Jiaozhou Bay,China

为探明胶州湾全氟烷基物质(perfluorinated alkyl substances,PFASs)的污染水平及特征,本研究于2018年4月在胶州湾近岸海域采集了海水、沉积物及菲律宾蛤仔样品,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定35种PFASs的含量.结果表明,海水中检出12种PFASs,PFASs总质量浓度(ΣPFASs)范围为21. 1~38. 0 ng·L^-1,沉积物中检出10种PFASs,ΣPFASs含量(以干重计)范围为0. 459~1. 20μg·kg^-1,菲律宾蛤仔中检出19种PFASs,ΣPFASs含量(以干重计)范围为15. 5~27. 5μg·kg^-1;与国内外报道的其他地区相比,胶州湾ΣPFASs污染处于中等或偏高水平.全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA)是胶州湾PFASs的首要污染因子,6∶2全氟辛烷二磷酸酯(6∶2 fluorotelomer phosphate diester,6∶2 di PAP)是海水及沉积物中检出的主要前驱物,全氟辛烷磺酰胺(perfluorooctanesulfonamide,PFOSA)是菲律宾蛤仔中检出的主要前驱物.此外,PFASs的沉积物-海水分配系数(Kd)、有机碳归一化分配系数(KOC)及生物累积因子(bioaccumulation factors,BAF)随碳链的增加而增加,而生物-沉积物累积因子(bioaccumulation factors between organism and sediment,BSAF)随碳链(C8~C13)的增加呈现下降趋势.

In order to explore the pollution levels and characteristics of perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs),seawater,sediment, and Ruditapes philippinarum samples were collected near the Jiaozhou Bay coast in April 2018.All samples were analyzed by using the high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method to determine the content of 35 types of PFASs.The results showed that 12 different PFASs were tested in the seawater with Σ PFASs concentrations of 21.1-38.0 ng·L^-1;10 types of PFASs were detected in sediments,with Σ PFASs content (dry weight) ranging from 0.459 to 1.20 μg·kg^-1;19 types of PFASs were measured in Ruditapes philippinarum,with Σ PFASs content (dry weight) of 15.5-27.5 μg·kg^-1.Compared with other areas reported in the literature,the total pollution of Jiaozhou Bay was at medium or high levels.In addition,perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the dominant PFAS in the seawater,sediments,and Ruditapes philippinarum with a detection rate of 100%.6∶ 2 fluorotelomer phosphate diester (6∶ 2 diPAP) was observed for the first time in seawater and sediments from Jiaozhou Bay and had the highest detection frequency and concentration of the precursor.Perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA ) was the main precursor in Ruditapes philippinarum,of which the detection rate was 93.8%.Moreover,the organic carbon normalized sediment-water distribution coefficient (lg KOC ) values were 5.24-6.37 and increased with an increase in carbon chain length.The bioaccumulation factors (lg BAF) and field-based biota-sediment accumulation factors (lg BSAF) were 2.53-4.32 and 1.30-2.50,respectively.The lg BAF values positively correlated with the carbon chain length,whereas the lg BSAF values decreased with an increase in the carbon chain length (C8-C13 ).