现代性的批判与继承——社会史视野中的西方社会理论的当代转向

The Critique and Heritage of the Modernity ——The Turn of Contemporary Western Social theories in the View of Social History

曾经主导西方社会学的实证主义和实在论的核心价值观是西方主流现代性的绝对主义的主客体二元论,这一思想的渊源可以追溯到西方思想的开端,然而只是在近代西方世界才得以真正形成。20世纪以来的一系列事件促使当代西方社会理论家们在一种相对主义精神的指导下去批判和超越绝对主义的主客体二元论,然而这一工作在克服主客体二元论方面依然是不彻底的。

The absolutistic dualism of the subject and the object is the dominating idea of the Western modernity.It is the key standpoint of the positivism and realism that have dominated the Western sociology for a long time.The origin of the absolutistic dualism can be traced back to the beginning of Western thoughts.But it came into being only in the modern West.The contemporary Western social theorists were aroused by a series of events of 20^th century to criticize and transcend the absolutistic dualism with the instruction of the relativism.But they didn’t overcome the dualism of the subject and the object completely.