“理论”“后理论”的症结及其疗救——对西方理论话语的批判

The Crux of the “Theory” and “Post-theory” and Its Treatment: Criticism to the Discourse of Western Theory

“理论”是在西方思想“语言论转向”的基础上兴盛起来的。“后理论”对“理论”的批判性重构并没有放弃语言论,只不过通过更新语言学研究范式来构建小写的、复数的理论。老庄的语言观为我们提供了一个批判“理论”“后理论”思想基础和话语方式的“外位性”立场:过分夸大语言的作用,把语言学视为研究人文学科的范式,必定会造成人与世界之复杂关系被简单化、片面化,造成思想的盲视,这正是理论、后理论的症结所在。在人与世界之间并存着两种基本关系:其一,人通过行为语言(行为)来关联世界,建立非对象性关系来体验、直觉、悟解世界;其二,人通过言语行为(语言)与世界建立对象性关系来观察、分析、认识世界。人的所有文学艺术活动和文化活动都建立在这两种符号系统协同作用的基础上。为此,我们提出“新诗学”及“新解释学”就同时包容着言语行为(语言)与行为语言(行为)交互作用的二维张力结构。

Theory flourishes on the basis of the“linguistic turn”of Western thought.The critical reconstruction of“Theory”to“post-Theory”does not abandon linguistic theory,but it constructs the lower-case and plural-numbers theories by updating the paradigm of linguistics.Laozhuang(老庄)'s view of language provides us an externality position to criticize the ideological basis and the discourse of“Theory”and“post-Theory”:To exaggerate the role of language excessively and to regard linguistics as a paradigm for the study of humanities will inevitably lead to the simplification and one-sidedness of the complex relationship between human beings and the world,which is the crux of theory and post-theory.There are two basic relationships between human beings and the world:One is that human beings relate the world through behavioral language,and they establish non-objective relationships to experience to intuit and to understand the world;The other is that human beings observe,analyze and understand the world through establishing objective relations from speech acts.All human literary and artistic activities and cultural activities are based on the synergy of the two symbolic systems.Therefore,we propose that“New Poetics”and“New Hermeneutics”contain two-dimensional tension structure of the interaction between speech act and behavioral language.