常见眼部寄生虫感染概况和研究进展

Profile of and progress in research on common eye parasitic infections

人体寄生虫有原虫、蠕虫和节肢动物三大种类,其感染可见于全身大部分组织器官,亦可与眼部组织相互作用。寄生虫可寄生在眼球、眼眶软组织及睫毛根部等部位,致盲率较高。眼睛可与外界直接接触感染病原体,且随着获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者增多和角膜接触镜(隐形眼镜)佩戴人数增加,眼部寄生虫感染病例数量呈上升趋势,引起人们的广泛关注。本文选取原虫、蠕虫和节肢动物中能寄生于人眼,并导致眼部病变的几种典型寄生虫(棘阿米巴、刚地弓形虫、猪囊尾蚴、曼氏裂头蚴、结膜吸吮线虫、蠕形螨、蝇蛆、阴虱)进行介绍,并针对其最新病例及研究进展进行综述。

There are three kinds of human parasites: protozoa, worms and arthropods, the infections by them can be seen in most tissues and organs of human body, including eyes. Parasites can reside in the eyeball, orbital soft tissue and root of eyelash, etc., resulting in high rate of blindness. Eye diseases caused by parasites are growing annually, because eyes can be directly contacted with the surrounding environment, altogether with the increasing number of people wearing contact lenses and those infected with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS), which has aroused widespread concern. In this paper, we discussed several typical parasites(Acanthamoeba, Toxoplasma gondii, cysticercus cellulosae, eosinus mansoni, conjunctival suckling nematode, Demodex, maggots and pubic louse) from protozoa, helminth and arthropods which can parasitize in human eyes and cause diseases, and reviewed the latest cases and research progress.